基于3S技术的G214线多年冻土地区道路自然环境研究

发布时间：2019-04-09 16:15

【摘要】：青藏高原地区的生态环境脆弱，尤其是多年冻土地区，该地区的公路的建设与发展会带来许多负面生态效应，给沿线的环境带来很大的压力。本文依托玉树震后重建科研项目，以青藏高原东部G214线穿越的多年冻土地区为研究区域，基于3S技术，研究该区域内道路自然环境。本文借助GPS、RS与GIS技术，利用野外勘察获得的GPS点位信息，提出了G214线多年冻土地区的植被生态的分类系统，并基于此建立了该地区SPOT-5遥感影像的遥感影像的解译标志系统。以ENVI软件和ArcGIS软件为基础平台，，制作了G214沿线多年冻土地区的地表植被生态系统的分类图、植被覆盖度分布图等；另外，以道路中线两侧200米范围为重点研究区域，对不同范围内的植被分布、植被覆盖度分布进行统计分析；采用景观生态学的理论，借助美国俄勒冈大学开发的FRAGSTATS软件，对重点研究区域的相关景观指数进行了提取，基于景观指数分析了道路对该地区植被生态系统的影响。根据本文的多年冻土地区道路自然环境研究的结论，结合道路工程的结构特点和多年冻土地区工程建设实际，提出了冻土的保护措施及对策；提出了工程建设阶段保护沿线植被、减少对植被破坏等措施以及地表植被生态系统的恢复措施。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is fragile, especially in the permafrost region, and the construction and development of the highway in the region will bring a lot of negative ecological effects and bring great pressure to the environment along the line. Based on the post-earthquake reconstruction of the Yushu, this paper studies the natural environment of the road in this region based on the 3S technology in the region of the permafrost region crossing the G214 line in the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, by means of GPS, RS and GIS, the classification system of the vegetation ecology in the permafrost region of the G214 line is proposed, and the interpretation mark system of the remote sensing image of the SPOT-5 remote sensing image in the area is established. On the basis of ENVI software and ArcGIS software, the classification map and vegetation coverage map of the surface vegetation ecosystem along the permafrost area along the line of G214 are made. According to the theory of landscape ecology, the relevant landscape index of the key research area is extracted by using the FRAGSTATS software developed by the University of Oregon, and the image of the vegetation ecosystem in the area is analyzed based on the landscape index. In response to the conclusion of the research on the road natural environment in the permafrost region, the protective measures and the countermeasures of the frozen soil are put forward in the light of the structural characteristics of the road engineering and the construction of the permafrost region, and the protection edge of the construction stage is put forward. The vegetation of the line, the measures to reduce the damage to the vegetation, and the change of the surface vegetation ecosystem
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P642.14;U412

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