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TBM刀盘系统振动特性分析与掘进现场测试研究

发布时间:2019-04-17 12:56
【摘要】:TBM (Full face rock tunnel boring machine)全断面岩石隧道掘进机,是通过刀盘回转带动滚刀破碎岩石,开挖隧道的大型装备,是目前开挖隧道效率高、安全经济、污染最小的装备。TBM中刀盘质量大,工作环境恶劣,是隧道掘进机中最重要的组成部件之一。刀盘是滚刀的安装载体,承受滚刀破碎岩石的全部载荷,由于岩石具有高强度、高耐磨性、高围压等性质,使得刀盘载荷具有强冲击、大扭矩、高随机性等特点。刀盘振动是引起刀盘疲劳破坏的原因之一,较大的振动将严重影响TBM的掘进效率,导致刀盘主轴承密封失效,刀盘局部损伤,因此对刀盘动力学行为的研究十分关键。 本文运用机械振动学和运动稳定性为理论基础,借助数值计算工具matlab为分析手段,以TBM刀盘系统为研究对象,对刀盘系统进行固有特性、动力学响应及稳定性等方面的研究;在此基础上进一步研究了不同刀盘结构形式等因素对刀盘动力学行为的影响;最终与实际工程数据进行对比,验证了理论方法的正确性。本文工作将为刀盘系统动态特性优化设计、刀盘系统振动控制及刀盘结构设计提供一定的理论依据。本文主要研究工作如下: 首先,使用显式动力有限元分析软件Ls-Dyna对刀盘不同安装位置上的盘形滚刀破岩进行仿真,考虑地质参数、施工参数、围压等因素对滚刀载荷的影响,得到单把滚刀载荷时间历程曲线,以此为基础修正并合成刀盘载荷,为后续系统求解提供外部激励。 第二,使用集中质量法,综合考虑大齿圈和小齿轮时变啮合刚度、误差及啮合齿侧间隙等因素,建立TBM刀盘系统弯-扭-轴-摆多向耦合非线性时变动力学模型以及动力学方程,计算得到系统刚度、阻尼等相关内部激励参数。 第三,以固有特性理论为基础,计算得到刀盘系统固有振型及固有频率,总结得到刀盘的振动模式,为避免系统共振提供一定的理论依据;使用Newmark数值积分方法对刀盘系统进行求解,得到刀盘系统各构件的振动响应;进一步提出非线性时变刀盘系统稳定性判断的方法,为参数匹配提供依据;在前面工作的基础上,对刀盘结构形式等因素对刀盘动力学行为的影响进行分析研究,为刀盘结构设计、振动控制及施工参数选择提供了参考。 第四,通过对现场施工环境调研,选择传感器型号并对传感器安装进行设计,通过采集得到的工程数据与理论求解数据的对比分析,验证理论方法的正确性,为刀盘系统动态特性优化设计、刀盘系统振动控制以及刀盘结构设计提供一定的理论依据。
[Abstract]:TBM (Full face rock tunnel boring machine) full-section rock tunnel boring machine is a large-scale equipment that drives hob to break rock and excavate tunnel by rotating cutter head. It is high efficiency, safe and economical to excavate tunnel at present. TBM is one of the most important components of tunnel boring machine because of its high quality and bad working environment. Cutter head is the mounting carrier of hob, which bears the whole load of rock broken by hob. Because of the properties of high strength, high wear resistance and high confining pressure, the cutter head load has the characteristics of strong impact, high torque and high randomness. The vibration of the cutter head is one of the causes of the fatigue failure of the cutter head. The larger vibration will seriously affect the driving efficiency of the TBM, leading to the sealing failure of the main bearing of the cutter head and the local damage of the cutter head. Therefore, the research on the dynamic behavior of the cutter head is very important. Based on the theory of mechanical vibration and motion stability, this paper studies the inherent characteristics, dynamic response and stability of the cutter-head system by using the numerical calculation tool matlab as the analytical means and taking the TBM cutter-head system as the research object. On the basis of this, the influence of different blade structure and other factors on the dynamic behavior of the cutter head is further studied. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical method is verified by comparing with the actual engineering data. The work in this paper will provide a certain theoretical basis for the optimization design of the dynamic characteristics of the cutter head system, the vibration control of the cutter head system and the structure design of the cutter head. The main research work of this paper is as follows: firstly, using the explicit dynamic finite element analysis software Ls-Dyna to simulate the rock breaking of disc hob in different installation positions of the cutter head, considering the geological parameters and construction parameters, Based on the influence of confining pressure and other factors on the load of hob, the time history curve of single hob load is obtained. Based on this curve, the load of cutter head is modified and synthesized, and the external excitation is provided for the solution of subsequent system. Secondly, by using the centralized mass method, the time-varying meshing stiffness, the error and the clearance of meshing teeth of large gear ring and pinion gear are considered comprehensively. The nonlinear time-varying dynamic model and dynamic equation of bending-torsion-axis-pendulum coupling for TBM cutter-head system are established. The internal excitation parameters such as stiffness and damping of the system are calculated. Thirdly, based on the inherent characteristic theory, the natural vibration mode and natural frequency of the cutter head system are calculated, and the vibration mode of the cutter head is summarized, which provides a certain theoretical basis for avoiding the resonance of the system. The vibration response of each component of the cutter head system is obtained by using the Newmark numerical integration method, and the method of judging the stability of the nonlinear time-varying cutter-head system is further proposed, which provides the basis for the matching of the parameters. On the basis of the previous work, the influence of the structure of the cutter head and other factors on the dynamic behavior of the cutter head is analyzed and studied, which provides a reference for the structure design, vibration control and construction parameter selection of the cutter head. Fourthly, by investigating the field construction environment, selecting the sensor model and designing the sensor installation, the correctness of the theoretical method is verified by the comparison and analysis of the collected engineering data and the theoretical solution data. It provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the dynamic characteristics of the cutter-head system, the vibration control of the cutter-head system and the structure design of the cutter-head.
【学位授予单位】:大连理工大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:U455.31

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