废旧油脂类生物沥青路用性能研究
发布时间：2019-04-22 12:37
【摘要】：石油沥青为石油炼化过程中的副产品，在道路工程中有着广泛的应用，而石油作为不可再生资源日渐匮乏，石油沥青也随之日益稀缺，供不应求。在这种情况下，寻找沥青替代品迫在眉睫。若能利用一些其他行业的副产品或废旧材料部分替代沥青，在减少沥青用量的同时可以提高沥青的路用性能，那么这将对资源的再生利用和缓解沥青供需矛盾具有重大的经济与社会意义。本文着眼于生活中常见的废旧油脂，用其部分替代沥青从而制得生物沥青，并针对其基本路用性能及改性机理开展了相关的研究工作。 采用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术（FT-IR）对废旧油脂和沥青的化学组成进行了分析，介绍了生物沥青的实验室制备方法，并对生物沥青的三大指标等基本性能进行了研究。 基于流变学原理对生物沥青的高、低温流变性能进行了研究，发现废旧油脂的掺入降低了沥青的车辙因子和复数剪切模量，对其高温抗车辙性能不利；废旧油脂的掺入降低了蠕变劲度模量，增大了蠕变速率，提高了沥青的应力松弛能力，对其低温抗裂性能有利，并且废旧油脂掺配比例与沥青低温性能指标（蠕变劲度模量和蠕变速率）间存在良好的相关性，并提出了相应的预估模型。 通过绘制生物沥青的粘温曲线，从拌和温度与压实成型温度的角度评价了生物沥青的施工性能，发现废旧油脂的掺入降低了沥青的施工温度，增加了沥青的施工和易性，降低了施工时的能耗；采用粘韧性试验对生物沥青拉伸时的综合力学性能进行了评价，发现废旧油脂的掺入显著降低沥青的粘韧性、粘弹性和韧性，同时也降低了沥青的粘韧比和最大拉力，对沥青拉伸时的综合力学性能不利。 采用表面物理化学方法测定了生物沥青的表面能及其与集料的粘附功，发现废旧油脂的掺入增大了沥青的表面能及其与集料的粘附功，增强了沥青与集料的粘附性能，降低了水损害发生的可能性；通过傅立叶变换红外光谱技术（FT-IR）从官能团的角度对废旧油脂与沥青的化学键合作用进行了分析，发现二者之间以物理反应为主，，但并不排除有弱的化学反应耦合作用。
[Abstract]:Petroleum asphalt is a by-product of petroleum refining and chemical process, and it has been widely used in road engineering. As a non-renewable resource, petroleum asphalt is increasingly scarce, and the supply is in short supply. In this case, it is urgent to find a substitute for asphalt. If asphalt can be partially replaced by-products or waste materials from some other industries, the road performance of asphalt can be improved while reducing the amount of asphalt used, This will be of great economic and social significance to the recycling of resources and the alleviation of the contradiction between supply and demand of asphalt. In this paper, bio-bitumen was prepared by replacing asphalt with waste oils and fats, and the basic road performance and modification mechanism of bio-bitumen were studied. The chemical composition of waste oils and bitumen was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the laboratory preparation method of bio-asphalt was introduced, and the basic properties such as three indexes of bio-asphalt were studied. Based on the rheology principle, the rheological properties of bio-asphalt at high and low temperature were studied. It was found that the addition of waste oil reduced the rut factor and complex shear modulus of asphalt, which was unfavorable to its high temperature anti-rut performance. The addition of waste grease reduces the creep stiffness modulus, increases the creep rate and improves the stress relaxation ability of asphalt, which is beneficial to its low temperature crack resistance. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the ratio of waste oils and bitumen at low temperature (creep stiffness modulus and creep rate), and the corresponding prediction model is put forward. By drawing the viscosity-temperature curve of bio-asphalt, the construction performance of bio-asphalt was evaluated from the point of view of mixing temperature and compacting temperature. It was found that the addition of waste oil reduced the construction temperature of asphalt and increased the construction and workability of asphalt. The energy consumption during construction is reduced; The comprehensive mechanical properties of bio-asphalt during stretching were evaluated by means of viscosity-toughness test. It was found that the admixture of waste oil significantly reduced the viscosity, viscoelasticity and toughness of asphalt, and also reduced the viscosity-toughness ratio and maximum tensile force of asphalt. It is disadvantageous to the comprehensive mechanical properties of asphalt during stretching. The surface energy and adhesion work between bio-asphalt and aggregate were measured by surface physicochemical method. It was found that the admixture of waste oil increased the surface energy of asphalt and its adhesion to aggregate, and enhanced the adhesion between asphalt and aggregate. Reduce the possibility of water damage; The chemical bonding between waste oils and bitumen was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) from the point of view of functional groups. It was found that the chemical bonding between waste oils and bitumen was dominated by physical reactions, but the weak chemical reaction coupling was not ruled out.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U414
本文编号：2462841
[Abstract]:Petroleum asphalt is a by-product of petroleum refining and chemical process, and it has been widely used in road engineering. As a non-renewable resource, petroleum asphalt is increasingly scarce, and the supply is in short supply. In this case, it is urgent to find a substitute for asphalt. If asphalt can be partially replaced by-products or waste materials from some other industries, the road performance of asphalt can be improved while reducing the amount of asphalt used, This will be of great economic and social significance to the recycling of resources and the alleviation of the contradiction between supply and demand of asphalt. In this paper, bio-bitumen was prepared by replacing asphalt with waste oils and fats, and the basic road performance and modification mechanism of bio-bitumen were studied. The chemical composition of waste oils and bitumen was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the laboratory preparation method of bio-asphalt was introduced, and the basic properties such as three indexes of bio-asphalt were studied. Based on the rheology principle, the rheological properties of bio-asphalt at high and low temperature were studied. It was found that the addition of waste oil reduced the rut factor and complex shear modulus of asphalt, which was unfavorable to its high temperature anti-rut performance. The addition of waste grease reduces the creep stiffness modulus, increases the creep rate and improves the stress relaxation ability of asphalt, which is beneficial to its low temperature crack resistance. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the ratio of waste oils and bitumen at low temperature (creep stiffness modulus and creep rate), and the corresponding prediction model is put forward. By drawing the viscosity-temperature curve of bio-asphalt, the construction performance of bio-asphalt was evaluated from the point of view of mixing temperature and compacting temperature. It was found that the addition of waste oil reduced the construction temperature of asphalt and increased the construction and workability of asphalt. The energy consumption during construction is reduced; The comprehensive mechanical properties of bio-asphalt during stretching were evaluated by means of viscosity-toughness test. It was found that the admixture of waste oil significantly reduced the viscosity, viscoelasticity and toughness of asphalt, and also reduced the viscosity-toughness ratio and maximum tensile force of asphalt. It is disadvantageous to the comprehensive mechanical properties of asphalt during stretching. The surface energy and adhesion work between bio-asphalt and aggregate were measured by surface physicochemical method. It was found that the admixture of waste oil increased the surface energy of asphalt and its adhesion to aggregate, and enhanced the adhesion between asphalt and aggregate. Reduce the possibility of water damage; The chemical bonding between waste oils and bitumen was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) from the point of view of functional groups. It was found that the chemical bonding between waste oils and bitumen was dominated by physical reactions, but the weak chemical reaction coupling was not ruled out.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U414
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