复合材料防撞套箱的数值模拟研究
发布时间：2019-05-31 17:57
【摘要】：近几年来，随着公铁交通网络的迅速发展，我国修建了大量跨越内河航道甚至海峡的桥梁，同时随着水利运输业的不断发展，我国内河航道的运输等级也在不断的提升，行驶于其中的船舶不仅在数量方面不断增多，，吨位也越来越大。桥梁是城市发展的重要标志，但在另一方面，过多的桥梁会给航道运输带来不少麻烦。国内外桥梁船撞事故频发，轻则需要对桥梁进行维护、加固，重则会造成桥梁垮塌、人员伤亡，因此船－桥碰撞已成为桥梁设计者亟需解决的问题。为了预防船撞桥梁事故，国内外的桥梁设计者采取了许多相应的防范措施，其中就包括对已修建或在建桥梁加装被动防撞装置。防撞装置的作用就是通过改变船舶的撞击方向或者减少船舶撞击力来降低对桥梁的损害，于此同时尽可能的减小对船舶和防撞装置造成的损害。世界上已投入使用了大量不同种类的桥梁防撞装置，并根据自身的特点适用于不同的情况。本文以一种新型的复合材料防撞套箱为研究背景，采用试验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法，对该种防撞套箱的防撞消能性能展开研究。 本文首先简述船－桥碰撞问题的主要研究方法，分析比较各种方法的优劣，提出本文的研究方法采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方式。之后对国内外对于复合材料的试验研究以及数值模拟研究的概况进行简要汇总，借鉴国内外船－桥碰撞试验的一般做法，设计复合材料防撞套箱碰撞试验方案。采用相同的撞击质量和不同的撞击速度分别撞击无防撞套箱保护的试验梁和防撞套箱保护系统，对试验设置4个工况。对碰撞过程中所采集的试验梁关键截面的动态加速度和动态位移进行统计分析，得出在不同的撞击速度下，有防撞套箱防护相较于无防撞套箱防护，试验梁的加速度与动位移峰值均能大幅度削减。在进行碰撞试验的同时，采用LS-DYNA非线性有限元动力分析软件对碰撞试验进行数值模拟分析，将碰撞试验采集所得数据和数值模拟计算所得结果进行了对比分析，从分析结果可知，数值模拟加速度数据比试验数据要大，动位移数据则为试验数据一半左右，但在防撞套箱的消能效果方面，两者总体趋势相一致。 最后采用与试验数值模拟计算相同的方法，对某大桥防撞能力相对较弱的P1辅助墩，分别从不同的防护状态以及不同的撞击速度两方面的内容进行了数值模拟，从工程实例的角度来进一步验证该防撞套箱的防撞性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of public railway transportation network, China has built a large number of bridges across inland waterways and even straits. At the same time, with the continuous development of water conservancy transport industry, the transportation grade of inland waterways in China is also constantly improving. The number of ships in it is not only increasing, but also the tonnage is increasing. Bridge is an important symbol of urban development, but on the other hand, too many bridges will bring a lot of trouble to waterway transportation. Bridge collision accidents occur frequently at home and abroad, light need to maintain the bridge, reinforcement, heavy will cause bridge collapse, casualties, so ship-bridge collision has become an urgent problem for bridge designers to solve. In order to prevent ship collision bridge accidents, bridge designers at home and abroad have taken many corresponding preventive measures, including the installation of passive anti-collision devices for bridges that have been built or under construction. The function of the anti-collision device is to reduce the damage to the bridge by changing the impact direction of the ship or reducing the impact force of the ship, and at the same time to reduce the damage to the ship and the anti-collision device as much as possible. A large number of different kinds of bridge anti-collision devices have been put into use in the world, and they are suitable for different situations according to their own characteristics. In this paper, based on the research background of a new type of composite anti-collision sleeve box, the anti-collision energy dissipation performance of this kind of anti-collision sleeve box is studied by means of experimental research and numerical simulation. In this paper, the main research methods of ship-bridge collision problem are briefly described, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed and compared, and the research method of this paper is put forward by combining test with numerical simulation. After that, the general situation of the experimental research and numerical simulation of composite materials at home and abroad is briefly summarized, and the collision test scheme of composite anti-collision sleeve box is designed by using the general method of ship-bridge collision test at home and abroad for reference. The same impact mass and different impact velocity are used to hit the test beam and the anti-collision box protection system without collision box protection respectively, and four working conditions are set up for the test. The dynamic acceleration and dynamic displacement of the key section of the test beam collected during the collision are statistically analyzed, and it is concluded that the protection of the anti-collision sleeve box is compared with the protection of the non-collision sleeve box at different impact speeds. The acceleration and dynamic displacement peak value of the test beam can be greatly reduced. At the same time, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis software is used to simulate and analyze the collision test, and the data collected from the collision test and the results obtained by numerical simulation are compared and analyzed. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the numerical simulation acceleration data are larger than the experimental data, and the dynamic displacement data are about half of the test data, but the overall trend of the energy dissipation effect of the anti-collision sleeve box is consistent with each other. Finally, using the same method as the experimental numerical simulation, the P1 auxiliary pier with relatively weak anti-collision ability of a bridge is simulated from two aspects: different protection state and different impact velocity. The anti-collision performance of the anti-collision sleeve box is further verified from the point of view of an engineering example.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U443.26
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of public railway transportation network, China has built a large number of bridges across inland waterways and even straits. At the same time, with the continuous development of water conservancy transport industry, the transportation grade of inland waterways in China is also constantly improving. The number of ships in it is not only increasing, but also the tonnage is increasing. Bridge is an important symbol of urban development, but on the other hand, too many bridges will bring a lot of trouble to waterway transportation. Bridge collision accidents occur frequently at home and abroad, light need to maintain the bridge, reinforcement, heavy will cause bridge collapse, casualties, so ship-bridge collision has become an urgent problem for bridge designers to solve. In order to prevent ship collision bridge accidents, bridge designers at home and abroad have taken many corresponding preventive measures, including the installation of passive anti-collision devices for bridges that have been built or under construction. The function of the anti-collision device is to reduce the damage to the bridge by changing the impact direction of the ship or reducing the impact force of the ship, and at the same time to reduce the damage to the ship and the anti-collision device as much as possible. A large number of different kinds of bridge anti-collision devices have been put into use in the world, and they are suitable for different situations according to their own characteristics. In this paper, based on the research background of a new type of composite anti-collision sleeve box, the anti-collision energy dissipation performance of this kind of anti-collision sleeve box is studied by means of experimental research and numerical simulation. In this paper, the main research methods of ship-bridge collision problem are briefly described, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed and compared, and the research method of this paper is put forward by combining test with numerical simulation. After that, the general situation of the experimental research and numerical simulation of composite materials at home and abroad is briefly summarized, and the collision test scheme of composite anti-collision sleeve box is designed by using the general method of ship-bridge collision test at home and abroad for reference. The same impact mass and different impact velocity are used to hit the test beam and the anti-collision box protection system without collision box protection respectively, and four working conditions are set up for the test. The dynamic acceleration and dynamic displacement of the key section of the test beam collected during the collision are statistically analyzed, and it is concluded that the protection of the anti-collision sleeve box is compared with the protection of the non-collision sleeve box at different impact speeds. The acceleration and dynamic displacement peak value of the test beam can be greatly reduced. At the same time, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis software is used to simulate and analyze the collision test, and the data collected from the collision test and the results obtained by numerical simulation are compared and analyzed. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the numerical simulation acceleration data are larger than the experimental data, and the dynamic displacement data are about half of the test data, but the overall trend of the energy dissipation effect of the anti-collision sleeve box is consistent with each other. Finally, using the same method as the experimental numerical simulation, the P1 auxiliary pier with relatively weak anti-collision ability of a bridge is simulated from two aspects: different protection state and different impact velocity. The anti-collision performance of the anti-collision sleeve box is further verified from the point of view of an engineering example.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U443.26
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