深长隧道突水突泥致灾构造及其致灾模式研究

发布时间：2019-07-08 09:34

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展，国家对基础设施建设的投入也愈加增多。隧道工程建设方兴未艾。由于我国幅员辽阔，地质情况复杂，深长隧道也日益增多。这些深长隧道的施工往往要穿越各种不良地质体（如断层破碎带、岩溶、地下水等），，由此引发的隧道地质灾害也越来越多。突水突泥是深长隧道施工中最严重的地质灾害之一，在施工过程中不加防范往往造成巨大经济财产损失，有时甚至造成人员伤亡的后果。而突水突泥灾害的发生与隧道施工开挖工作面接近前方存在的含水（泥）体或隧道开挖临空面外存在的含水（泥）体密切相关。本文在充分调研了国内外深长隧道突水突泥灾害产生原因的基础之上，系统地提出了深长隧道五种突水致灾构造：未胶结的富水压性断层上盘强烈破碎带、未胶结的富水张性断层带、未胶结的富水顺层错动（节理密集发育）破碎带、充水岩溶和地下向斜储水构造含水体；三种突泥致灾构造：底部充填黏土的水、泥混合充填岩溶、与地表相通的饱和黏土充填岩溶和大型压性断层主干断层断层泥带。同时，对致灾构造的构成地质特征进行了总结，对致灾构造的致灾模式和灾害特征进行了详尽分析。最后，对相应的致灾构造引发的突水突泥灾害进行了例析。通过本文的研究以期提高隧道突水突泥灾害预报准确率，对实现突水突泥灾害预警和防控起到促进作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy in our country, the national investment in infrastructure construction is increasing. Tunnel construction is in the ascendant. Because of the vast territory and complex geological situation of our country, the number of deep and long tunnels is increasing day by day. The construction of these deep and long tunnels often passes through all kinds of bad geological bodies (such as fault fracture zone, Karst, groundwater, etc.), which leads to more and more geological disasters of the tunnel. Water inrush and mud inrush is one of the most serious geological disasters in the construction of deep and long tunnels. In the process of construction, it often results in huge economic property losses and sometimes even casualties. The occurrence of water inrush mud inrush disaster is closely related to the water cut (mud) body in front of the tunnel construction excavation face or the water cut (mud) body existing outside the empty surface of tunnel excavation. On the basis of fully investigating the causes of water inrush mud inrush disaster in deep long tunnel at home and abroad, this paper systematically puts forward five kinds of water inrush disaster structures in deep long tunnel: the strong broken zone on the upper plate of unbonded water-rich pressure fault, the uncemented water-rich fault zone, the uncemented water-rich bedding dislocation (dense joint development) fracture zone, the water-filled Karst and underground oblique water storage structure water-bearing zone; There are three kinds of mud outburst disaster structures: bottom filling clay water, mud mixed filling Karst, saturated clay filling Karst and large compression fault main fault mud belt. At the same time, the geological characteristics of the disaster-causing structure are summarized, and the disaster mode and disaster characteristics of the disaster-causing structure are analyzed in detail. Finally, an example of water inrush and mud inrush caused by the corresponding disaster-causing structure is analyzed. Through the research in this paper, it is hoped to improve the prediction accuracy of water and mud inrush disaster in tunnel, and to promote the early warning and prevention and control of water and mud inrush disaster.
【学位授予单位】：中国铁道科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U456.33

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