纵向风下隧道火灾近火源区顶棚射流特性研究
发布时间：2019-07-08 14:50
【摘要】：在经济快速发展的背景下,交通运输业也得到了的迅猛发展。作为起着主导地位的公路交通隧道,在带来给山区等交通困难地区提供便捷和节约方式的同时,也带来了新的安全消防隐患。由于隧道结构上的独特性,具有密闭狭长通道和较窄的横截面积。即时隧道火灾事故总体发生比例较小,但是一旦隧道发生火灾并产生蔓延时,由于隧道火灾特性而产生的不完全燃烧释放的有毒有害高温热烟气往往造成群死群伤的重大安全事故。因此,研究隧道火灾烟气温度以及流动特性对于隧道火灾消防安全有着重大的意义。 针对国内外已有不同尺寸的现场试验所得研究结论,基于对隧道内顶结构防火保护而研究的火焰羽流及烟流上升作用在隧道顶棚位置的最高温度时Kurioka的最高烟气温度预测经验公式、胡隆华等人提出的烟气流纵向衰减规律,李立明、易亮等人提出的燃烧热阻效应,本文已有理论的分析作为基础,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件中的(FDS)模拟软件,对隧道火区上下游不同分布特征进行数值模拟计算,并和已有经验公式进行对比验证。采用两种火源功率、七种通风风速,新增不同火源高度条件的工况条件进行模拟计算 从已有研究将火源设置为地面火的前提下,提出当火源位置较高,火羽流燃烧直接作用于隧道顶部时的情况,并根据已有经验公式进行修正拟合,分析最高温度位置的偏移和数值上的不同、纵向通风下高温烟气层的衰减,火区火焰在纵向通风作用下燃烧往下游扰动的偏移距离。纵向火灾烟气流动衰减的影响变化,与胡隆华提出的影响影响系数K的指数变化规律进行比对分析隧道模拟所得数值与理论模型以及拟合值之间关系。结果表明：在模拟验证地面火源时,运用Kurioka及已有学者研究改进的公式模拟对比验证时,有较为符合的结果,在模拟纵向衰减系数的经验公式计算和模拟结果对照时,数值模拟所得温度较公式计算误差较大,需要重新分析参数影响,定义修正适用条件。 本文在对理论进行分析后,运用数值模拟的方法进行对比研究,对隧道火灾的热烟气流物理特性的研究,对进一步分析隧道火灾燃烧特性提供帮助。
文内图片：
图片说明：柂进火灾与工业标准火灾温度发展趋势对比
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid economic development, the transportation and transportation industry has developed rapidly. As a leading road traffic tunnel, a new safety and fire hazard is also brought about by providing a convenient and economical way to the difficult areas such as the mountainous area. Due to the uniqueness of the tunnel structure, a closed elongated channel and a narrow cross-sectional area are provided. The overall proportion of fire accidents in the real-time tunnel is small, but once the tunnel has a fire and is spreading, the poisonous and harmful high-temperature hot flue gas generated by incomplete combustion and release due to the fire characteristics of the tunnel often causes major safety accidents of the group death group injury. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the temperature and flow characteristics of fire smoke in the tunnel. Based on the results of the field tests of different sizes at home and abroad, the maximum flue gas temperature of the tunnel ceiling is predicted by the flame plume and the plume rise which is studied based on the fire protection of the roof structure in the tunnel and the maximum temperature of the maximum flue gas temperature in the tunnel ceiling. In this paper, the longitudinal decay law of the flue gas flow, such as the longitudinal decay of the flue gas flow, Li Liming, Yi Liang, etc., has been put forward by such people as the formula, Hu Longhua, etc. The theoretical analysis is used as the basis for the simulation of the soft-water flow (FDS) in the fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The numerical simulation of the different distribution characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the tunnel fire area is carried out and compared with the existing empirical formula. Certificate. It is simulated with two fire source power, seven ventilation wind speeds, and working conditions for adding different fire source height conditions. On the premise that the fire source is set to ground fire from the existing research, it is proposed that when the position of the fire source is high, the combustion of the fire plume directly acts on the top of the tunnel according to the existing empirical formula, the deviation and the numerical value of the highest temperature position are analyzed, the attenuation of the high-temperature flue gas layer in the longitudinal ventilation is analyzed, the flame of the fire zone is combusted to the downstream disturbance under the action of longitudinal ventilation, The influence of the longitudinal fire smoke flow attenuation, the change of the index of the influence factor K, which is proposed by Hu Longhua, is compared with that of the theoretical model and the fitting value of the analysis tunnel simulation. The results show that, in the simulation and verification of the ground fire source, the results of simulation and comparison of the modified formula are simulated by using the Kuroka and the existing scholars, and the empirical formula of the longitudinal attenuation coefficient is calculated and simulated. In contrast, the calculated temperature of the numerical simulation is higher than that of the formula, and the influence of the parameter needs to be re-analyzed, and the correction is defined. In this paper, after the analysis of the theory, the numerical simulation method is used to study the physical characteristics of the hot flue gas flow in the tunnel fire, and the fire burn of the tunnel is further analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U453.5;U458
本文编号：2511667
文内图片：
图片说明：柂进火灾与工业标准火灾温度发展趋势对比
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid economic development, the transportation and transportation industry has developed rapidly. As a leading road traffic tunnel, a new safety and fire hazard is also brought about by providing a convenient and economical way to the difficult areas such as the mountainous area. Due to the uniqueness of the tunnel structure, a closed elongated channel and a narrow cross-sectional area are provided. The overall proportion of fire accidents in the real-time tunnel is small, but once the tunnel has a fire and is spreading, the poisonous and harmful high-temperature hot flue gas generated by incomplete combustion and release due to the fire characteristics of the tunnel often causes major safety accidents of the group death group injury. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the temperature and flow characteristics of fire smoke in the tunnel. Based on the results of the field tests of different sizes at home and abroad, the maximum flue gas temperature of the tunnel ceiling is predicted by the flame plume and the plume rise which is studied based on the fire protection of the roof structure in the tunnel and the maximum temperature of the maximum flue gas temperature in the tunnel ceiling. In this paper, the longitudinal decay law of the flue gas flow, such as the longitudinal decay of the flue gas flow, Li Liming, Yi Liang, etc., has been put forward by such people as the formula, Hu Longhua, etc. The theoretical analysis is used as the basis for the simulation of the soft-water flow (FDS) in the fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The numerical simulation of the different distribution characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the tunnel fire area is carried out and compared with the existing empirical formula. Certificate. It is simulated with two fire source power, seven ventilation wind speeds, and working conditions for adding different fire source height conditions. On the premise that the fire source is set to ground fire from the existing research, it is proposed that when the position of the fire source is high, the combustion of the fire plume directly acts on the top of the tunnel according to the existing empirical formula, the deviation and the numerical value of the highest temperature position are analyzed, the attenuation of the high-temperature flue gas layer in the longitudinal ventilation is analyzed, the flame of the fire zone is combusted to the downstream disturbance under the action of longitudinal ventilation, The influence of the longitudinal fire smoke flow attenuation, the change of the index of the influence factor K, which is proposed by Hu Longhua, is compared with that of the theoretical model and the fitting value of the analysis tunnel simulation. The results show that, in the simulation and verification of the ground fire source, the results of simulation and comparison of the modified formula are simulated by using the Kuroka and the existing scholars, and the empirical formula of the longitudinal attenuation coefficient is calculated and simulated. In contrast, the calculated temperature of the numerical simulation is higher than that of the formula, and the influence of the parameter needs to be re-analyzed, and the correction is defined. In this paper, after the analysis of the theory, the numerical simulation method is used to study the physical characteristics of the hot flue gas flow in the tunnel fire, and the fire burn of the tunnel is further analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U453.5;U458
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