高速列车进入隧道空气动力学效应三维数值模拟研究

发布时间：2019-07-09 17:49

【摘要】：当高速列车通过隧道时，由于空气可压缩性和流动空间受限，在隧道内外诱发初始压缩波、隧道内压力波和进口波等现象，同时，由于列车在复线隧道中运行时流动的不对称性，而诱发列车的横向振动问题。随着高速列车运行速度的不断提高，隧道空气动力学问题越来越得以重视，而且也成为乘车舒适性的重要指标，因此，隧道洞内外压力脉动问题值得进行研究。建立高速列车的空气动力学几何模型和对应的隧道模型，进行高速列车进入隧道时的三维可压缩非定常湍流流动模拟。采用基于有限体积方法的STAR-CD软件及其滑移网格技术，以CRH380A模型为基本模型，进行空气动力学问题分析，主要针对初始压缩波、隧道内压力波、进口波、列车表面压力波特性及气动力及力矩进行分析。对比三种不同网格尺度下，，对以上问题的影响特性进行研究。同时对高雷诺数SST k ω湍流模型、RNG k ε模型及标准k ε模型下对进口波、隧道内压力波及车体上测点压力波动数值模拟结果进行比较分析。运用了分区思想和不同密度区的思想，对网格进行划分，为减少网格数目，充分利用计算资源提供可靠的依据。研究结果表明：进口波问题描述，在三种不同网格下，该问题描述的均趋于最密网格的数值结果。基于此在最密网格下，对初始压缩波，给出波形图、压力云图及速度矢量图，可以得出进口波随径向的衰减性。列车两侧流动的不对称性，从而使列车两侧受力不同。对高雷诺数SST k ω、RNG k ε和标准k ε模型的进口波和隧道内压力波之间差别不大，对列车车头、车尾处的压力波的稍有差别。三维流动模型能较好的揭示隧道内外压力脉动与列车的关系，本文为认识理解高速列车过隧道引起洞内外压力脉动现象和列车所受力及力矩的不平衡性为列车运动安全和平稳提供了有益参考。
[Abstract]:When the high-speed train passes through the tunnel, due to the limitation of air compressibility and flow space, the initial compression wave, the pressure wave and the inlet wave inside and outside the tunnel are induced. At the same time, the lateral vibration of the train is induced because of the asymmetry of the flow of the train in the double-track tunnel. With the continuous improvement of the running speed of high-speed trains, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of tunnel aerodynamics, and it has become an important index of ride comfort. Therefore, the problem of pressure pulsation inside and outside the tunnel is worth studying. The aerodynamic geometric model and the corresponding tunnel model of the high-speed train are established to simulate the three-dimensional compressible and unstable turbulent flow when the high-speed train enters the tunnel. The STAR-CD software based on finite volume method and its slip grid technology are used to analyze the aerodynamics problems based on CRH380A model. The characteristics, aerodynamics and torque of initial compression wave, tunnel pressure wave, inlet wave, train surface pressure wave are analyzed. Compared with three different grid scales, the influence characteristics of the above problems are studied. At the same time, the numerical simulation results of inlet wave, pressure in tunnel and pressure fluctuation at measured point on vehicle body are compared and analyzed under high Reynolds number SST k 蠅 turbulence model, RNG k 蔚 model and standard k 蔚 model. The idea of partition and the idea of different density areas are used to divide the grid, which provides a reliable basis for reducing the number of grids and making full use of computing resources. The results show that the numerical results of the imported wave problem description tend to the densest grid under three different grids. Based on this, the wave diagram, pressure cloud diagram and velocity vector diagram of the initial compression wave are given under the densest grid, and the attenuation of the inlet wave with the radial direction can be obtained. The asymmetry of the flow between the two sides of the train, so that the force on both sides of the train is different. There is no significant difference between the inlet wave and the pressure wave in the tunnel for the high Reynolds number SST k 蠅, RNG k 蔚 and the standard k 蔚 model, but there is a slight difference for the pressure wave at the front and rear of the train. The three-dimensional flow model can better reveal the relationship between the pressure fluctuation inside and outside the tunnel and the train. This paper provides a useful reference for the safety and stability of the train movement by understanding the phenomenon of pressure fluctuation inside and outside the tunnel caused by the high-speed train passing through the tunnel and the imbalance of the force and moment of the train.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U270.11;U451.3

【共引文献】