微小孔高速振动钻削装置与试验研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 20:16

本文关键词：微小孔高速振动钻削装置与试验研究　出处：《长春理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在系统分析振动切削理论及传统钻削理论的基础上,详细阐述了小孔轴向振动钻削的加工机理,即人为地给工件或钻头施加某种有规律的振动,使钻削过程中钻头与工件周期性地接触与分离,从而形成脉冲式的切削力波形,有效提高了钻削性能。针对轴向振动钻加工机理建立了钻削过程中钻头运动的数学模型,并通过变厚切削特性、变速切削特性、加工精度、振动减摩机理四个方面的分析从本质上揭示了轴向振动钻削断屑排屑能力强、钻入定位精度高、孔内表面质量好、出口毛刺小及钻头损耗小的原因。基于轴向振动钻削基本理论,设计并加工了一套超声轴向振动钻削试验装置。运用Ansys workbench软件对装置中的关键部件—变幅杆的动力学性能进行了系统研究,并给出了符合设计要求的变幅杆最佳尺寸。以厚度为6mm的Q235钢板为钻削对象,进行了孔径为1mm的普通钻削与超声轴向振动钻削对比试验。分析两种试验的钻削效果,发现超声轴向振动钻削所得孔的上下端孔径尺寸之差、内表面粗糙度值及出口毛刺大小均低于于普通钻削,而断屑排屑能力明显高于普通钻削。基于单因素试验方法通过改变主轴转速及进给量进行钻削孔径为1mm的超声轴向振动钻削试验,通过实验数据分析得出了主轴转速、进给量对上下端孔径尺寸、出口毛刺大小及孔内表面粗糙度的影响规律及最佳匹配参数,为今后振动钻削技术的进一步研究提供参考。
[Abstract]:Based on the systematic analysis of the vibration cutting theory and the traditional drilling theory, this paper expounds in detail the machining mechanism of the small hole axial vibration drilling, that is, artificially exerting some regular vibration on the workpiece or bit. During the drilling process, the drill and the workpiece are contacted and separated periodically, so that the pulse cutting force waveform is formed. Aiming at the mechanism of axial vibration drilling, the mathematical model of bit movement in drilling process is established. The analysis of four aspects of vibration antifriction mechanism reveals that the axial vibration drilling has strong ability of chip removal, high precision of drilling and positioning, and good quality of the inner surface of the hole. Reasons for small outlet burr and low bit loss. Based on the basic theory of axial vibration drilling. A set of ultrasonic axial vibration drilling test device was designed and machined. The dynamic performance of the key component of the device, the variable amplitude rod, was studied systematically by using Ansys workbench software. The optimum size of the luffing rod is given. The Q235 steel plate with a thickness of 6 mm is used as the drilling object. The contrast tests of common drilling and ultrasonic axial vibration drilling with 1 mm diameter were carried out. The results of the two tests were analyzed, and the difference of aperture size between the upper and lower ends of the holes obtained by ultrasonic axial vibration drilling was found. The roughness of the inner surface and the burr size of the outlet are lower than those of the conventional drilling. The chip breaking ability is obviously higher than that of conventional drilling. Based on single factor test method, ultrasonic axial vibration drilling test with drilling aperture of 1mm is carried out by changing spindle speed and feed rate. Through the analysis of experimental data, the effects of spindle speed and feed rate on the size of the upper and lower end aperture, the size of the outlet burr and the roughness of the inner surface of the hole are obtained, and the optimum matching parameters are obtained. It provides a reference for the further research of vibration drilling technology in the future.
【学位授予单位】：长春理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG52

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