高速机床磨削电主轴的结构设计及性能分析

发布时间：2018-01-03 13:43

本文关键词：高速机床磨削电主轴的结构设计及性能分析　出处：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代制造技术的不断发展，高速加工技术的应用也越来越广泛。高速加工是在大幅度提高切削速度的基础上，以提高生产率、加工精度和加工质量为目的的先进制造技术。高速机床技术是实现高速切削的基础，而高速机床的核心部件是电主轴，因此为了提高高速机床的性能，就要深入研究电主轴的性能，掌握电主轴的动静态特性。本文以M7130矩台平面磨床为实验平台，将磨削电主轴应用于该磨床。在现有条件下，对该小型磨削电主轴的内部主要结构进行分析设计和计算，通过运用ANSYS软件对其初始设计值进行建模仿真，在此基础上，对其动静态特性进行了研究分析，并综合考虑了影响其动静态特性的各种因素，对今后的电主轴结构的设计和结构优化提供了一定的参考价值。具体工作如下：（1）依据M7130矩台平面磨床的结构，对电主轴内部的主要结构进行分析设计，通过对电机选型、内径设计、轴承选型、过盈计算等，完成对磨削电主轴基本结构的设计。（2）利用ANSYS软件对主轴转子—轴承系统进行二维有限元建模，对电主轴进行静态特性分析，得出了主轴的静刚度；分析了不同预紧力对其静刚度的影响。（3）建立了主轴转子—轴承系统的三维有限元模型，对电主轴进行了模态和谐响应分析，得出了主轴的各阶振型和固频、临界转速等；分析了不同的预紧力对主轴动态特性的影响；并分析了主轴各部分对各阶频率的动态响应。（4）以主轴的静刚度和前四阶固有频率为目标参数，通过改变不同的轴承位置和内径的大小，得出了前后轴肩的距离以及孔径同目标参数之间的关系曲线，定量定性地分析了前后轴承的位置以及孔径对电主轴的动静态特性的影响。通过以上几个方面的分析研究，得到了电主轴内部主要结构的设计方法以及电主轴的动静态特性参数。掌握轴内径的大小、前后轴承的位置分布和预紧力的不同对其动静态特性的影响，对电主轴应用于本实验平台的作用，具有实际指导意义；对以后电主轴内部结构的设计优化及性能的提高，也有重要的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of modern manufacturing technology, the application of high speed machining technology is more and more widely. In high speed machining is greatly improved on the basis of cutting speed, to improve the productivity of advanced manufacturing technology, machining precision and quality. For the purpose of high speed machine tool technology is the base of high-speed cutting, and the core component of high-speed machine is the electric spindle, so in order to improve the performance of the high speed machine tool, to further study the performance of motorized spindle, static and dynamic characteristics of master spindle.
In this paper, M7130 surface grinding machine for grinding spindle experimental platform, will be applied to the grinding machine. Under the existing conditions, analyzed the design and calculation of the main structure of the small internal grinding spindle, modeling and simulation by using ANSYS software to design the initial value, on the basis of the dynamic and static characteristics the research and analysis, and considering the various factors that influence the dynamic and static characteristics, provides certain reference value for the design and optimization of spindle structure in the future. The specific work is as follows:
(1) according to the structure of the M7130 surface grinding machine, the main structure of the motorized spindle is analyzed and designed. Through the selection of the motor, the design of the inner diameter, the selection of the bearing and interference calculation, the design of the basic structure of the grinding motorized spindle is completed.
(2) the 2-D finite element modeling of the spindle rotor bearing system is made by ANSYS software. The static characteristics of the spindle are analyzed, and the static stiffness of the spindle is obtained. The influence of different pretightening force on the static stiffness is analyzed.
(3) the establishment of a three-dimensional finite element model of the main shaft of the rotor bearing system of the electric spindle, the modal and harmonic response analysis, the vibration mode and natural frequency of the spindle, and critical speed; analyzes the influence of different preload on the dynamic characteristics of the spindle; and analyzes the dynamic on the frequency. The main shaft of each part of the response.
(4) in the static stiffness and the first four order natural frequency as the objective parameters by changing the bearing position and the size of the inner diameter of the relationship curve between the front and rear axle shoulder distance and aperture with the target parameters are obtained, the influence of the position in the front and back bearing and the radius of the spindle static and dynamic characteristics of quantitative a qualitative analysis.
Through the analysis and Research on the above problems, the static and dynamic characteristics parameter design method of electric spindle inside the main structure and the spindle shaft. Grasp the size of the inner diameter and the position of the bearing preload distribution and different effects on the static and dynamic characteristics of the electric spindle, used in this experimental platform, has practical significance; to design optimization and performance after spindle internal structure improvement, also has important reference value.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG580.23

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