机床导轨爬行机理及抑制方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 08:46

本文关键词：机床导轨爬行机理及抑制方法研究　出处：《燕山大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统的金属对金属接触类型的导轨虽然具备很多优势,但是其低速爬行问题制约了其在精密机床的应用。通过对比其他接触类型如金属对塑料,金属对静压油膜的导轨,发现这些导轨虽然没有低速爬行的缺点,但是在其他方面和金属对金属导轨相比没有优势,所以本文的研究目标是在保持金属对金属接触类型导轨原有优势的基础上解决其低速爬行问题,使金属对金属接触类型导轨能够适用于数控机床。本文首先针对常规的丝杠——导轨进给系统进行了物理建模、数学建模、仿真建模,为理论分析打下基础。物理建模过程中对进给系统进行简化。数学建模对物理模型进行力学分析得到数学表达式。仿真建模首先解决了摩擦力的仿真建模问题,然后根据数学模型使用simulink构建了本文的仿真系统,编制了仿真数据的处理程序。理论分析按照单自由度运动、有摩擦的单自由度运动、导轨爬行的顺序,通过分析仿真系统生成的相轨迹图像和理论推导对导轨的爬行现象进行了研究。研究表明导轨的爬行现象有两种情况,从振动的角度分类为软激励自振和硬激励自振两种情况。本文推导出了这两种情况的临界速度公式,并通过仿真验证公式具有一定的准确性。根据临界速度公式研究了抑制导轨爬行现象可行方法。在分析了常规方法之后本文基于摩擦力的性质找到了通过改变摩擦力方向改变导轨摩擦特性的方法。基于这个方法本文设计了两种抑制普通滑动导轨爬行的方法。一种是设计了用于抑制普通滑动导轨爬行的阻尼器,一种是设计新结构的滑动导轨。并对其应用中可能具备的优缺点进行了分析。仿真也表明这种方法在抑制导轨爬行方面十分有效。
[Abstract]:Although the traditional metal to metal contact rail has many advantages, but its low speed crawling problem restricts its application in precision machine tools. By comparing other contact types such as metal to plastic. Metal to hydrostatic film of the guide, although these guides do not have the shortcomings of low speed crawling, but in other aspects and metal to metal guide has no advantage. Therefore, the research goal of this paper is to solve the problem of low speed creep on the basis of maintaining the advantages of metal to metal contact type guideways. The metal to metal contact type guideway can be applied to CNC machine tools. Firstly, physical modeling, mathematical modeling and simulation modeling are carried out for the conventional leadscrew-guideway feed system. In the process of physical modeling, the feed system is simplified. The mathematical expression is obtained by mechanical analysis of the physical model. Firstly, the problem of friction modeling is solved. According to the mathematical model, the simulation system of this paper is constructed with simulink, and the processing program of simulation data is compiled. The theoretical analysis is based on the motion of single degree of freedom and the movement of single degree of freedom with friction. By analyzing the phase trajectory image generated by the simulation system and theoretical derivation, the crawling phenomenon of the guide rail is studied. The research shows that there are two kinds of crawling phenomena of the guide rail. From the point of view of vibration, there are two kinds of cases: soft excitation and hard excitation. In this paper, the critical velocity formulas of these two cases are derived. According to the formula of critical velocity, the feasible method of restraining the slippage of guideway is studied. After analyzing the conventional method, based on the properties of friction force, this paper finds out how to change the friction. Based on this method, two kinds of methods are designed to restrain the sliding-guideway creep. One is to design a damper to restrain the sliding-guide rail creep. One is the design of sliding guide rail with new structure, and the advantages and disadvantages of its application are analyzed. The simulation also shows that this method is very effective in restraining the creeping of guide rail.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG502.3

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