特殊对象的测量数据误差处理与不确定度研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 12:10

本文关键词：特殊对象的测量数据误差处理与不确定度研究　出处：《东南大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：测量误差与不确定度在生产实践中和科学研究中极为重要,误差和不确定度越小,质量越高,使用价值越高。机械行业中形状误差是评定产品质量的一项重要指标,准确地测量和评定零件的形状误差,不但可以作为验收零件合格的依据,还可以为提高零件加工和装配精度提供可靠数据。“嫦娥一号”探月卫星的成功发射和运行是我国第一次探测距离地球40万千米范围内的月球空间环境。空间环境中不确定的热环境、电磁环境,以及空间高能粒子的轰击等不仅会影响探月卫星的控制精度,而且会对探月卫星上携带的各种有效载荷(月球观测仪器)带来明显的测量误差,降低测量的可靠性和测量精度,因此有必要对月球探测数据进行误差分析和不确定度研究。本文针对形状误差参数测量数据及嫦娥一号激光高度计月球高程探测数据的这两种特殊对象的误差处理与不确定度分析研究。对圆度平面度误差采用了基于最小区域方法的微分进化优化算法评定研究,分别选择文献中的10个典型实例验证,并与文献中的算法相比较,最终验证了微分进化算法在圆度、平面度误差评定中的有效性与可靠性。对自由曲线、自由曲面零件轮廓度误差进行了基于拟粒子群算法的评定与不确定度研究。采用非均匀有理B样条表示自由曲线,应用拟粒子群算法优化重建自由曲线,确立了粒子群算法重建自由曲线及采用拟随机序列生成参数值求解点到曲线最短距离的具体步骤。通过对仿真实例和实测零件曲线轮廓度误差计算,结果证实提出方法算法简单、计算速度快、精度高,适于在工程计量中推广应用。为实现基于CAD模型引导测量的自由曲面定位及轮廓度误差评定,首先针对三坐标测量仪检测自由曲面时存在的设计坐标系与测量坐标系不重合问题,提出用拟粒子群优化算法优化实现被测曲面与设计曲面精确定位；其次针对自由曲面特点,提出用轮廓峰谷误差和轮廓均方根误差综合评定自由曲面形状误差。通过对仿真实例和实测零件自由曲面轮廓度误差计算,结果证实采用本文提出的方法能够实现自由曲面精确定位适于对高精度自由曲面零件形状误差评定。对圆度误差开展了从采样策略入手,通过实验确定合适的采样点数,再采用微分进化优化算法实现圆度误差最小区域解,并基于蒙特卡洛法与GUM法的进行了圆度误差不确定度评定,两种方法的结果基本一致。对复杂轮廓圆锥度误差开展了基于拟粒子群算法基础上的自适应蒙特卡洛法不确定度评定,建立了复杂圆锥形工件的锥度误差最小区域模型,并采用了拟粒子群算法优化算法得到了圆锥度最小区域解。由于圆锥度误差的最小区域模型的是复杂非线性模型,采用GUM方法要求解偏导数难以实现,故采用了自适应蒙特卡洛方法估计圆锥度误差的测量不确定度,并由实验验证了提出方法的可行性。由于嫦娥一号卫星是极地圆月轨道,月球两极区的高程探测覆盖率较高,数据点较多。所以从激光高度计的月球高程探测的海量数据中选择靠近月球两极区区域的高程数据为对象进行激光高度计高程探测数据的误差分析处理,给出了分析结果；由于月球表面地形之一的月海是是月面上的广阔平原,选择月海区域的激光高度计高程数据来研究不确定度可以最大限度的减少地形变化对月表地形高程探测带来的影响。以月海区域的高程探测数据对对象进行了激光高度计高程探测数据误差的不确定度研究,给出了误差及不确定度的处理结果,研究结果为深空探测仪器的设计及绘制月球数字高程图提供了参考。
[Abstract]:The measurement error and uncertainty in the production practice and scientific research is extremely important, error and uncertainty of the smaller, the higher the quality, the use value is higher. The shape error in machinery industry is an important index to evaluate the quality of the products, accurate measurement and evaluation of the shape error, not only can be used as acceptance parts qualified basis, can also provide reliable data to improve the accuracy of processing and assembling the parts. "The successful launch and operation of Chang'e-1 lunar satellite is China's first lunar earth space environment detection distance 400 thousand km range. The thermal environment, the uncertainty in the space environment and space electromagnetic environment, high-energy particle bombardment not only will affect the control precision of the lunar satellite, and will carry various payloads to the lunar satellite (lunar observation instrument) has obvious measurement error, reduce the reliability of measurement And the measurement accuracy, so it is necessary to lunar exploration data of error analysis and uncertainty. Based on the error processing parameters of shape error and measurement data of Chang'e-1 lunar laser altimeter elevation detection of these two special object data and uncertainty analysis. Research on roundness error of flatness by differential algorithm study on Evaluation of evolutionary optimization method based on minimum area, choose 10 typical examples in the literature verification, and compared with the algorithms in the literature, the final validation of the differential evolution algorithm in roundness, flatness error evaluation of validity and reliability. The free curve, free-form surface profile error of study on the evaluation of quasi particle swarm algorithm and the uncertainty. Based on the non uniform rational B spline representation free curve, using the quasi particle swarm optimization reconstruction of free curve, the grain Free curve reconstruction algorithm and the subgroup of quasi random sequence generation parameters specific steps of computing the shortest distance from the point to curve. Through the calculation of the simulation results and measured parts curve profile error, results shows that the proposed algorithm is simple and fast computing speed, high precision, suitable for application in engineering measurement. For the realization of freedom based on surface location and contour of the CAD model and guide measurement error evaluation, aiming at the problems of the three coordinate measuring instrument for coincidence detection of free curved surface design coordinate system and coordinate system, put forward to the PSO algorithm to optimize the implementation of the measured positioning surface and design surface; secondly, the free surface characteristics, put forward the contour peak error and root mean square error were used to evaluate the free surface shape error. The simulation results of the example and measured parts free surface profile error, node The results showed that the proposed method can achieve precise positioning of free-form surface is suitable for high precision shape error evaluation of free-form surface parts. The roundness error is carried out starting from the sampling strategy, through experiments to determine the appropriate number of sampling points, and then using the differential evolution optimization algorithm to realize the roundness error of the minimum zone solution, and based on Monte Carlo method and GUM method for roundness error evaluation of uncertainty, the results of the two methods are basically the same. The complex contour cone error with the pseudo adaptive particle swarm algorithm based on Monte Carlo method of uncertainty evaluation based on established taper error of minimum zone model of complex conical workpiece, and the quasi particle swarm optimization the algorithm has been taperness minimum zone solution. Due to the minimum area of cone error model is a complex nonlinear model, using the GUM method requires the solution of partial Guide The number is difficult to achieve, so the use of the Adaptive Monte Carlo method of cone error measurement uncertainty estimation, and experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The Chang'e-1 satellite is the polar orbit the moon, lunar poles Gao Cheng area coverage is higher, more data points. So the choice of Gao Cheng data regions near the lunar poles area analysis of laser altimeter data error detection Gao Cheng as the object of massive amounts of data from the moon Gao Cheng laser altimeter detection, the analysis result is given; as one of the lunar surface topography is on the vast plains of the lunar mare, to study the uncertainty can minimize topographic changes on the impact of Gao Cheng lunar terrain detection selection of laser altimeter data. Gao Cheng Maria regional data for the laser altimeter for the Gao Cheng Maria region detection The uncertainty of the error of the height finding data is given. The result of error and uncertainty is given. The research results provide a reference for the design and drawing of the digital elevation map of the deep space.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG806

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