基于切削状态的热室圆盘锯床切削优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 09:20

本文关键词： 切削状态 ABAQUS 高斯过程分类 MATLAB 切削优化　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工件向尺寸微小化、结构复杂化、制造精密化、样式多样化的趋势发展,对切削工艺的要求也日益提高,而切削工艺参数的选择与切削加工效果和经济效益又息息相关。本文以某研究院的热室圆盘锯床及其控制系统为背景,针对切削过程中的优化问题展开了研究。原控制系统主要采用人工手动控制,但由于切削过程复杂多变,实际生产中切削工艺参数一般是加工技术人员凭借经验和参考手册来选取,造成加工工艺因人而异,工件的加工效果一致性差,很难实现最优化加工,从而导致加工精度下降且增加了热室圆盘锯床后期的维护工作。这就要求控制系统能够根据不同的工况自动的给出切削参数,减少人工的同时提高切削效果和一致性。本文从热室圆盘锯床切削工艺和切削流程着手,分析了切削过程中的切割片磨损的机理及其造成的负面影响,明确了表征着热室圆盘锯床切削状态的参数以及之间的相互关系,并在此基础上设计了由生产运行层、数据处理层、运算控制层组成的切削优化总体方案。在切削优化方案的实现过程中,针对热室圆盘锯床的切削机理,采用机理分析法和有限元方法进行切削仿真,并对两者的分析结果进行了验证,为切削状态的识别和优化效果验证奠定了基础;针对由于热室圆盘锯床工作环境恶劣而缺少力传感器、温度传感器、声学传感器的问题,选取原热室圆盘锯床控制系统中伺服电机的转矩、切削时的切削深度和实时切削速度作为辅助变量,采用高斯过程分类方法对切削状态进行分类和识别;针对原热室圆盘锯床调整切削参数的经验和原则,采用专家控制方式,模拟加工人员的思维过程,并以正向推理策略,根据实时的切削状态推理出适合当前工况的切削参数,以达到改善切削过程的目的;最后,以前面建立的有限元仿真模型为基础,采用MATLAB对ABAQUS模型进行前后处理,对优化前后的切削参数的切削效果进行了仿真对比,仿真结果表明,经过优化后的切削参数能够改善工件变形、工件温度场分布和切削力等指标,能更好的适应切削状态的改变,缓解并改善状态改变给切削过程带来的负面影响,从而实现更优的切削效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of the workpiece to the miniaturization of the size, the complexity of the structure, the manufacture precision and the diversification of the style, the requirement of the cutting technology is also increasing day by day. The selection of cutting process parameters is closely related to the cutting effect and economic benefit. This paper takes the hot chamber circular saw machine and its control system as the background of a research institute. The original control system mainly adopts manual control, but the cutting process is complex and changeable. In the actual production, the cutting process parameters are generally selected by the technicians by virtue of experience and reference manual, resulting in different processing technology, poor consistency of machining effect of workpieces, and difficult to achieve optimal machining. As a result, the machining accuracy is reduced and the maintenance of the hot chamber disk saw machine is increased, which requires the control system to automatically give the cutting parameters according to different working conditions. In this paper, the cutting mechanism and its negative effects are analyzed from the cutting process and cutting process of hot chamber circular saw machine. The parameters representing the cutting state of hot chamber disk sawing machine and the relationship between them are defined. On this basis, the production operation layer and data processing layer are designed. In the process of realizing the cutting optimization scheme, the mechanism analysis method and finite element method are used to simulate the cutting mechanism of hot chamber circular saw machine. The results of both analysis are verified, which lays a foundation for the recognition of cutting state and the verification of optimization effect. Aiming at the lack of force sensor, temperature sensor and acoustic sensor due to the bad working environment of hot room circular saw machine, the torque of servo motor in the control system of disk sawing machine in original hot room is selected. The cutting depth and the real time cutting speed are used as auxiliary variables, and Gao Si process classification method is used to classify and recognize the cutting state. According to the experience and principle of adjusting cutting parameters of the original hot chamber disk sawing machine, the expert control method is adopted to simulate the thinking process of the machiners, and the forward reasoning strategy is adopted. According to the real-time cutting state, the cutting parameters suitable for the current working condition are deduced to improve the cutting process. Finally, based on the finite element simulation model, the ABAQUS model is processed by MATLAB, and the cutting effect of the optimized cutting parameters is simulated and compared. The simulation results show that the optimized cutting parameters can improve the deformation of the workpiece, the temperature field distribution and cutting force of the workpiece, and can better adapt to the change of cutting state. To mitigate and improve the negative effect of state change on cutting process and achieve better cutting effect.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG561

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