等离子无毒表面覆铬关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 03:09

本文选题：表面处理 + 无毒表面覆铬装置　；参考：《武汉科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：材料表面处理是一种增强零件表面性能和延长零件使用寿命的经济适用的工艺。传统表面处理应用较多的是电镀铬工艺,在电镀过程中会产生有毒物质,还会释放致癌酸雾,给环境和操作工人的健康带来很大的危害。为了解决这个问题,有必要研究新的环保而抗蚀耐磨的金属表面处理工艺。等离子无毒表面覆铬工艺是笔者提出的一种新工艺。试验证明:本工艺利用等离子弧加热、特制焊枪和数控技术,可在金属零件表面形成一层薄而分布均匀的高铬合金层,而且在形成合金层的过程中,不会出现由于表面温升过大而导致零件变形报废的现象。本文主要研究内容如下:(1)针对传统工业电镀工艺中的严重缺陷,提出并设计新的环保且抗蚀耐磨的金属表面处理工艺。同时对国内外表面处理技术的研究现状进行介绍,分析各工艺的优缺点。在现有技术的基础上设计并实施了一种等离子无毒表面覆铬工艺。(2)对焊枪结构进行深入研究。利用FLUENT软件对焊枪喷嘴结构参数进行优化,为零件表面覆盖一层薄而均匀的高铬合金层打下坚实基础。(3)设计了一种新型钨针内腔送粉装置。利用钨针的内部空间来完成送粉的任务,实现等离子气通道、粉末通道、保护气通道和冷却水通道完美耦合。这种送粉装置明显增加了合金粉末的预热时间,并排除了粉末内的水分和杂质,使合金层的质量显著提高。(4)对焊枪运动路径的控制方法进行研究。提出利用数控技术控制焊枪行走轨迹、移动速度和间距,实现对焊枪运动路径的精确控制以获得合理的合金层厚度。(5)建立单道熔覆层工艺模型,分析研究工艺参数对合金层质量的影响。并利用中心复合试验法取得了较佳的工艺参数匹配。(6)试验结果证明:本文提出的等离子无毒表面覆铬工艺是可以在圆柱型及平板类零件表面获得厚度不大于1mm,高低差不超过0.3mm的高铬合金层。
[Abstract]:Material surface treatment is an economical and applicable process to enhance the surface properties and prolong the service life of parts. The traditional surface treatment is mainly used in chromium electroplating, which will produce toxic substances and release carcinogenic acid mist, which will bring great harm to the environment and the health of the workers. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to study a new environmental-friendly and anti-corrosion-resistant metal surface treatment process. Plasma non-toxic surface chromium coating process is a new process proposed by the author. It has been proved that by using plasma arc heating, special welding torch and numerical control technology, a thin and evenly distributed layer of high chromium alloy can be formed on the surface of metal parts, and in the process of forming alloy layer, Do not appear due to excessive surface temperature rise and lead to parts deformation scrapping phenomenon. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the serious defects in the traditional industrial electroplating process, a new environmentally friendly and corrosion resistant and wear-resistant metal surface treatment process is proposed and designed. At the same time, the research status of surface treatment technology at home and abroad is introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each process are analyzed. On the basis of the prior art, a plasma nontoxic surface chromium coating process. 2) is designed and implemented to study the structure of the welding torch. The structural parameters of welding torch nozzles were optimized by using FLUENT software. A new type of tungsten pin powder feeding device was designed for the part surface covered with a thin and uniform layer of high chromium alloy layer. The internal space of tungsten needle is used to complete the task of powder feeding, and perfect coupling of plasma gas channel, powder channel, protective gas channel and cooling water channel is realized. This device can obviously increase the preheating time of the alloy powder and remove the moisture and impurity in the powder, so that the quality of the alloy layer can be improved significantly. (4) the control method of the welding torch motion path is studied. A single pass cladding process model is established by using numerical control technology to control the walking path, moving speed and distance of the welding torch, and to realize the accurate control of the welding torch movement path to obtain the reasonable alloy layer thickness. The effect of process parameters on the quality of alloy layer is analyzed. The experimental results show that the plasma nontoxic surface chromium coating process can obtain thickness of less than 1mm and high thickness on the surface of cylindrical and flat parts. High chromium alloy layer with low difference not exceeding 0.3mm.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG174.4

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