基于小型电解等离子抛光机的铝合金配方优化及应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 07:24

本文选题：电解等离子抛光 + 控制系统　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：电解等离子抛光技术是一种高效高质的环保型表面处理方法,不受工件外形的制约,且加工效果远超传统的抛光方法,具有广阔的应用前景。鉴于现有的工艺水平对铝合金的抛光效果不理想,本文从铝合金配方的角度进行研究,通过配方优化,以改善铝合金的抛光效果,进一步推进该项技术的产业化进程。在已有的小型电解等离子抛光机的机械本体上,通过对电解等离子抛光技术加工原理的理解,分析了抛光机的被控对象和控制要求,设计了以PLC为核心、通过触摸屏对整机进行操作的控制系统,并绘制了试验机的电气原理图,规划了它的控制流程,搭建了一台完整的小型电解等离子抛光机,为后期的配方优化试验提供了试验平台。通过向现有配方中加入添加剂的方法,对铝合金的配方进行了优化。试件选择了1050、5052、6061三种材质的铝合金,先采用全组合试验,以抛光后铝合金表面的粗糙度值为评价指标,对现有配方进行分析试验,得到了三种铝合金的基础配方;通过查阅资料,选择了七种添加剂;在三种铝合金的基础配方中,分别添加不同成分的添加剂,采用均分法,选择出了对抛光效果有所改善的添加剂,完成了添加剂的一次筛选;对筛选后的添加剂进行正交试验,考察混合添加剂对抛光效果的影响,进行了添加剂的二次筛选;最后对二次筛选后的添加成分进行正交试验,得出了三种铝合金最佳的配方组合。为进一步提高铝合金抛光的效果,选取了抛光液的温度、加工时间两个因素,设计了二因素三水平正交试验,通过试验结果分析,得到了三种铝合金的最佳工艺条件。在优化的抛光液配方和最佳工艺条件下,对这三种材质的铝制品进行抛光试验,验证这三种配方的有效性。通过抛光后铝制品表面状态的对比,可以看出,使用这三种配方进行抛光均能改善铝制品的表面状态,其中5052的优化配方效果最为显著。
[Abstract]:Electrolytic plasma polishing (ECP) is a kind of environmentally friendly surface treatment method with high efficiency and high quality, which is not restricted by the shape of workpiece, and the machining effect is far better than that of traditional polishing method, so it has a broad application prospect. In view of the fact that the present process level is not ideal for the polishing effect of aluminum alloy, this paper studies the formula of aluminum alloy and optimizes the formula to improve the polishing effect of aluminum alloy and further promote the industrialization process of this technology. On the mechanical body of the existing small electrolytic plasma polishing machine, through the understanding of the machining principle of electrolytic plasma polishing technology, the controlled object and control requirements of the polishing machine are analyzed, and the PLC as the core is designed. The control system of the whole machine is operated by the touch screen, and the electrical schematic diagram of the testing machine is drawn, its control flow is planned, and a complete small electrolytic plasma polishing machine is built. It provides a test platform for the later formula optimization test. The formula of aluminum alloy was optimized by adding additives to the existing formula. Three kinds of aluminum alloys, 1050,50521061, were selected. First, the whole combination test was adopted, and the roughness value of polished aluminum alloy surface was taken as the evaluation index. The existing formulas were analyzed and tested, and the basic formulations of three kinds of aluminum alloys were obtained. In the basic formula of three kinds of aluminum alloy, the additives with different components were added, and the additives which improved the polishing effect were selected by the method of average separation, and the additive was screened in one step. The effects of mixed additives on the polishing effect were investigated by orthogonal test, and the additive was screened twice. Finally, the orthogonal test was carried out on the additive after the second selection. The optimum formula of three kinds of aluminum alloy was obtained. In order to further improve the polishing effect of aluminum alloy, two factors of polishing liquid temperature and processing time were selected, and two factors and three levels orthogonal test were designed. Through the analysis of test results, the optimum technological conditions of three kinds of aluminum alloy were obtained. Under the optimized polishing liquid formula and the optimum technological conditions, the polishing experiments of the three kinds of aluminum products were carried out to verify the validity of the three formulations. By comparing the surface states of polished aluminum products, it can be seen that all the three formulations can improve the surface state of aluminum products, and the optimized formula of 5052 is the most effective.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG580.692

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