钢材表面激光强化技术及应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 05:25

  本文选题：激光表面强化 + 45号钢　； 参考：《钢铁研究总院》2015年博士后论文

【摘要】：随着现代激光技术的发展,当代激光加工已由一种特殊用途的加工技术发展成为较为通用的、具有多种用途的加工技术,激光表面强化是其中一种重要的技术领域。研究先进激光表面强化处理技术,开发强化处理方法及工艺,有助于提高产品构件性能,延长产品寿命周期,拓展技术应用领域,提升产业制造水平。论文通过数值模拟方法研究了激光表面强化处理的温度场；研究了45号钢和Cr5钢的激光熔凝和激光熔覆强化处理工艺,进行了相关组织和性能分析；结合厨刀及液压支架立柱两个实际产品,开展了激光熔覆强化处理工艺研究。研究表明：激光表面强化处理是一个剧烈的非平衡热作用过程,升温速度极快,瞬间可达到气化温度,高温停留时间短,t8/5冷却时间很短；相比而言升温速度要快于降温速度。合理的选择激光强化处理工艺,对钢材表面性能改善具有明显作用：单道激光熔凝中,45号钢熔凝强化表面硬度可达到HV750,Cr5钢可达到HV800左右,硬化层深度可达到lmm以上；多道激光熔凝强化处理中,后道激光熔凝处理对前道激光熔凝处理存在回火热作用,这种作用在45号钢中表现得相对明显,Cr5钢熔凝层则具有相对更好的热稳定性；通过激光熔凝,45号钢的耐磨性能相比基体提高了0.5倍,而Cr5钢则提高近10倍,在兼顾熔凝层性能及生产效率的同时,熔凝扫描间距(搭接率)具有相对最佳值。通过对45号钢及Cr5钢表面激光熔覆Ni60材料,可以形成熔覆层、过渡层及基体三个明显的区域。其中45号钢熔覆层的显微硬度平均可达到HV 800,摩擦磨损性能相比基体提高了近4倍；Cr5钢熔覆层的显微硬度平均可达到HV 850,摩擦磨损性能相比基体提高了近10倍,Cr钢激光表面强化处理所具有的高耐磨性及热稳定性具有一定的工程意义。相关研究结果应用于厨刀刀刃及液压支架立柱两种实际产品的激光表面熔覆强化,并进行了初步实验研究,获得了较好的熔覆效果,为后期项目开发及有关基地建设提供了基础实验数据和技术支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern laser technology, modern laser processing has been developed from a special purpose processing technology to a more general and multi-purpose processing technology. Laser surface strengthening is one of the important technical fields. The research on advanced laser surface strengthening treatment technology and the development of strengthening treatment method and technology will help to improve the performance of product components, prolong the life cycle of products, expand the application field of technology and improve the manufacturing level of industry. In this paper, the temperature field of laser surface strengthening treatment is studied by numerical simulation, the laser cladding solidification and laser cladding hardening process of 45 steel and Cr5 steel are studied, and the structure and properties of 45 steel and Cr5 steel are analyzed. Combined with two practical products, kitchen knife and hydraulic support column, the laser cladding strengthening process was studied. The results show that laser surface strengthening is a severe non-equilibrium thermal process, the heating rate is very fast, the instantaneous gasification temperature can be reached, the high temperature residence time is short and the cooling time is very short, compared with the cooling rate, the heating rate is faster than the cooling rate. The reasonable selection of laser hardening treatment technology has obvious effect on improving the surface properties of steel: in single pass laser melting, the surface hardness of 45 steel can reach HV800 and the depth of hardened layer can reach lmm; In the multi-channel laser solidification strengthening treatment, the back channel laser melting treatment has the function of reheating the former channel laser melting treatment, and this effect is relatively obvious in 45 steel, and the solidification layer of Cr5 steel has relatively better thermal stability. By laser melting, the wear resistance of 45 steel is 0.5 times higher than that of matrix, while that of Cr5 steel is about 10 times higher than that of substrate. The relative optimum value of fusion scanning distance (lap ratio) is obtained by taking into account the properties and production efficiency of melting layer at the same time. By laser cladding Ni60 material on 45 steel and Cr5 steel, three obvious areas of cladding layer, transition layer and substrate can be formed. The average microhardness of 45 steel cladding layer can reach HV800, the friction and wear properties of Cr5 steel cladding coating are nearly 4 times higher than that of substrate, the average microhardness of Cr5 cladding layer is HV850, and the friction and wear properties of Cr5 cladding coating is about 10 times higher than that of substrate. The high wear resistance and thermal stability of laser surface strengthening treatment of steel have certain engineering significance. The results are applied to the laser surface cladding strengthening of kitchen knife blade and hydraulic support column, and a preliminary experimental study has been carried out, and a good cladding effect has been obtained. It provides basic experimental data and technical support for later project development and related base construction.
【学位授予单位】：钢铁研究总院
【学位级别】：博士后
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG174.4

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