高频感应熔覆典型磨损伤表面性能改善

发布时间：2018-05-07 04:00

本文选题：耐磨性 + 感应熔覆　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,我们国家逐渐重视高性能表面的发展,投入大量的资金支持,研究对新材料新工艺的利用。生产当中一些机械零部件工作环境非常恶劣,在无法改变机械设备工作条件的情况下,为了解决工件表面使用性能的问题,如易磨损、高温变性、易腐蚀等,一方面研究典型零部件的制造材料的相关性能,材料选用从原先的铸铁到后来的特种金属合金,从典型非金属材料(橡胶制品、陶瓷等)再到工程塑料。另一方面研究新的加工工艺方法,提高表面加工质量以及加工精度,确保了耐磨件的质量要求。运用新的表面处理技术和表面涂覆技术,不仅可以解决典型零部件的耐磨损、耐腐蚀性能,而且还能起到工件重复利用、降低生产成本的作用。机械对其零部件表面的性能有着越来越高的要求,设备在高速、高压、高温、重载及特殊的工作条件下,表面会出现一系列的问题,如磨损、腐蚀、氧化、失效等,局部表面的损坏往往会导致整个零部件失效,这就造成资源很大程度上的浪费,如果将整个零部件的材料替换高性能材料,成本就极大地增加了,因此我们考虑只对零部件的表面进行性能改善,既能提高零部件的性能,又能降低生产成本。这项技术越来越广泛的被应用到工业生产中,包括多级给水泵平衡盘和高速水刀切割喷嘴。多级给水泵在使用中频繁检修造成大量的人力、物力的浪费,主要检修内容是泵体内平衡装置的使用情况,尤其是平衡环和平衡盘的失效程度,将直接影响到泵的使用寿命。目前,我国泵类的产品性能、运行效率和使用寿命与发达国家相比,还有相当大的差距,着力提高泵的运行效率,延长泵的使用寿命,加大维修周期,对于我国的节能减排,减少资源浪费等工作具有重要意义。水刀切割技术是利用拉法尔喷嘴原理来实现的,将水流加压到100兆帕以上经出水口喷出,经过砂粒腔口时,砂粒等高硬度颗粒混合高压水射流中,经由切割砂管通过极细的小孔喷出,对材料进行切割加工。目前,市场上现有的水刀喷嘴大部分是用人工宝石片制作的,但人造宝石裂纹较发散,缺陷率很高,常见的人工红宝石内部有很多裂纹,在显微镜下很容易观察到,即所谓的“十红九裂”。本课题主要研究和制作符合工业要求的高耐磨、耐腐蚀的多级给水泵平衡环和高压水刀喷嘴。在真空环境中,采用高频感应熔覆技术制作具有耐磨、耐腐蚀涂层的平衡环和水刀喷嘴。通过实验对比涂层材料选用Ni60-A合金粉末,添加20%WC提高涂层的硬度,涂层与基体实现冶金结合,从而提高了零部件的耐磨性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country has gradually attached importance to the development of high performance surfaces, invested a lot of funds to study the use of new materials and new processes. In order to solve the problem of workpiece surface performance, such as easy wear, high temperature denaturation, easy corrosion and so on, in order to solve the problem of workpiece surface performance, when the working conditions of mechanical equipment cannot be changed, the working environment of some mechanical parts in production is very bad. On the one hand, the relative properties of manufacturing materials of typical parts are studied. The materials are chosen from cast iron to special metal alloys, from typical nonmetallic materials (rubber products, ceramics, etc.) to engineering plastics. On the other hand, the new processing method is studied to improve the quality and precision of surface processing and ensure the quality requirement of wear-resistant parts. The application of new surface treatment technology and surface coating technology can not only solve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of typical parts, but also play the role of reusing the workpiece and reducing the production cost. Machinery has higher and higher requirements for the surface performance of its components. Under the conditions of high speed, high pressure, high temperature, heavy load and special working conditions, a series of problems will appear on the surface, such as wear, corrosion, oxidation, failure, etc. Local surface damage often leads to the failure of the entire component, which results in a great waste of resources. If the material of the whole component is replaced with the high performance material, the cost will be greatly increased. Therefore, we consider only improving the surface performance of the parts, which can not only improve the performance of the parts, but also reduce the production cost. This technology has been widely used in industrial production, including multi-stage feed pump balancing disc and high-speed water knife cutting nozzle. The frequent maintenance of multistage feedwater pump causes a lot of waste of manpower and material resources. The main maintenance content is the use of the balancing device in the pump body, especially the failure degree of the balancing ring and the balancing disc, which will directly affect the service life of the pump. At present, the performance, operation efficiency and service life of pump products in our country are far behind those of developed countries. We focus on improving pump operation efficiency, prolonging pump service life, increasing maintenance period, and saving energy and emission reduction for our country. It is of great significance to reduce the waste of resources. The water knife cutting technology is realized by using the Rafal nozzle principle. When the water flow is pressurized above 100 MPA and ejected through the outlet, when passing through the sand cavity, the sand particles and other high hardness particles are mixed in the high pressure water jet. The material is cut and processed by cutting sand pipes through tiny holes. At present, most of the existing water knife nozzles on the market are made of artificial gem chips, but the cracks are more divergent and the defect rate is very high. There are many cracks in the common artificial ruby, which can be easily observed under the microscope. That is, the so-called "ten red nine split." This paper mainly studies and manufactures high wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant multi-stage feed water pump balancing ring and high pressure water knife nozzle. In vacuum environment, the high frequency induction cladding technology was used to fabricate the balance ring and water knife nozzle with wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating. The hardness of coating was improved by adding Ni60-A alloy powder and the metallurgical combination of coating and substrate was realized by comparing the coating material with Ni60-A alloy powder. Thus the wear resistance of parts was improved.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG174.4

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