数控机床热效应检测及其补偿方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 15:37

本文选题：数控机床 + 热效应　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着德国“工业4.0”高科技战略计划的提出,一场以智能制造为主导的第四次工业革命悄然爆发。在机床各种误差源中,热误差是数控机床等精密加工机械的最大误差源。而且,机床精密度越高,热误差所占比例越大,因此减小热误差对提高精密机床的加工精度具有至关重要的意义。综合国内外研究者的研究内容,热误差补偿技术主要围绕热变形检测、温度敏感点选择、建模和补偿等四个方面开展研究。本文从以上四个方面提出了许多理论和方法,进行了大量实验和数据处理分析,并获得了良好的实际应用效果。论文主要的研究内容如下：1)基于球杆仪测量原理和方法,提出了一种利用球杆仪检测数控机床热效应的方法,该方法解决了国际标准中使用自制夹具和传感器等不利因素,该系统通过了第三方评估部门的鉴定。2)提出了一种基于模糊聚类、灰色理论、逐步回归分析和判定系数的温度敏感点选择方法,通过对大量热误差实验的数据处理分析,该方法得到了很好的应用,效果明显。3)讨论分析了数控机床热误差建模技术的常用数学算法。对多元回归最小一乘、最小二乘估计,分布滞后模型和支持向量回归机算法进行了实验分析和验证,提出了稳健建模方法。4)基于MATLAB GUI图形用户界面软件平台,编写程序建立了热误差测量数据分析测试、温度敏感点选择测试、热误差建模系统测试和热误差模型稳健性分析测试四个子界面,使得数控机床热误差分析更加程式化,简单快捷,大大降低了处理数据的时间和出错率。5)介绍了热误差补偿技术的具体使用方法并搭建实验平台,提出了两种数控机床热误差补偿技术的应用和效果验证方案,分别是球形切削加工实验和精切试件加工实验,补偿效果显著。
[Abstract]:With the development of Germany's "Industrial 4.0" high-tech strategic plan, a fourth industrial revolution led by intelligent manufacturing broke out quietly. Among all kinds of error sources of machine tools, thermal error is the largest error source of precision machining machinery such as NC machine tools. Moreover, the higher the precision of the machine, the greater the proportion of the thermal error, so it is very important to reduce the thermal error to improve the machining accuracy of the precision machine. According to the research contents of domestic and foreign researchers, the thermal error compensation technology mainly focuses on four aspects: thermal deformation detection, temperature sensitive point selection, modeling and compensation. In this paper, many theories and methods are put forward from the above four aspects, a large number of experiments and data processing are carried out, and good practical application results are obtained. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the measuring principle and method of the ball rod meter, a method of detecting the thermal effect of CNC machine tool by using the ball rod instrument is put forward. The method solves the disadvantages of using self-made fixture and sensor in the international standard. The system has passed the appraisal of the third-party evaluation department. 2) A method of selecting temperature sensitive points based on fuzzy clustering, grey theory, stepwise regression analysis and determination coefficient is proposed. The data processing and analysis of a large number of thermal error experiments are carried out. This method has been applied very well, and the effect is obvious. 3) the common mathematical algorithms of thermal error modeling technology of NC machine tools are discussed and analyzed. Based on the experimental analysis and verification of multivariate regression least squares estimation, distributed lag model and support vector regression machine algorithm, a robust modeling method. 4) is proposed based on MATLAB GUI graphical user interface software platform. The four sub-interfaces of thermal error measurement data analysis test, temperature sensitive point selection test, thermal error modeling system test and thermal error model robustness analysis test are established, which make the thermal error analysis of NC machine tools more stylized. It is simple and fast, greatly reduces the time of processing data and error rate. 5) this paper introduces the specific application method of thermal error compensation technology and builds the experimental platform, and puts forward the application and effect verification scheme of two kinds of numerical control machine tool thermal error compensation technology. It is spherical cutting experiment and finely cutting sample processing experiment, and the compensation effect is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG659

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