锆铪及其合金单晶制备研究现状与进展

发布时间：2018-05-31 04:05

本文选题：锆 + 铪　；参考：《稀有金属》2015年06期

【摘要】：锆铪及其合金单晶在实际应用和理论研究中具有重要作用。主要综述了锆铪及其合金单晶的研究现状,介绍了固相生长单晶的最新进展。由于锆铪存在固态相变,区域熔炼生长锆铪金属单晶变得困难,单晶质量不高,而固相生长单晶具有污染少、质量好、适合生长特殊形状及合金单晶等优势,成为生长锆铪及其合金单晶的常用方法。常见的固相生长单晶的方法主要包括应变退火法、循环加热相变法和定向退火法。应变退火法所需设备简单、操作容易,单晶质量完好;循环加热相变法不需要施加额外塑性变形,特别适合生长一些特殊复杂形状的单晶;定向退火法可以实现对晶体取向的控制。然而固相生长单晶也存在单晶尺寸小、生长时间长、生长过程难以控制等缺点,对此,人们改进了生长工艺,提出了电子束等温退火和动态异常晶粒生长等新方法,并研究了单晶生长的机制,为高效快速生长大尺寸高质量的锆铪及其合金单晶提供了借鉴。
[Abstract]:Zirconium and hafnium single crystals play an important role in practical application and theoretical study. The research status of zirconium and hafnium single crystals and their alloys are reviewed in this paper. Because of the solid phase transition of zirconium and hafnium, it is difficult to grow zirconium and hafnium single crystal by region melting, and the mass of single crystal is not high. It is a common method to grow zirconium and hafnium single crystal and its alloy. The common methods of solid phase growth include strain annealing, cyclic heating, and directional annealing. The strain annealing method has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation and good single crystal quality, and the cyclic heating phase variation method does not need extra plastic deformation and is especially suitable for growing some special complex single crystals. The directional annealing method can control the orientation of crystal. However, the solid-state growth of single crystals also has the disadvantages of small size, long growth time and difficult to control the growth process. Therefore, the growth process has been improved and new methods such as electron beam isothermal annealing and dynamic abnormal grain growth have been proposed. The growth mechanism of zirconium and hafnium and its alloy were studied, which provided a reference for the rapid growth of zirconium and hafnium with large size and high quality.
【作者单位】：北京有色金属研究总院矿物资源与冶金材料研究所;北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技部中俄国际合作专项项目(2010DFR50800) 国家科技部科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB10B10)资助
【分类号】：TG294;TG166

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