双刀车削加工细长轴的尺寸误差研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 00:15

本文选题：细长轴 + ANSYS　；参考：《西华大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于轴是组成机器的重要零件,在支持回转零件、传递运动和转矩中发挥了不可替代的作用,人们对轴类零件的精度要求也非常高。而对于刚度差和受力大的细长轴来说,在车削时极易产生弯曲变形以及振动等影响刀具的实际切削量因素,增加了细长轴切削误差。传统的切削加工方式难以满足现阶段细长轴加工精度要求,随着对称式双刀车削加工方式的提出,由于双刀对称安装,在一定程度上减弱了细长轴切削力的径向力,降低了弯曲变形程度,使加工精度提高。本文通过对国内外双刀车削加工细长轴现状以及细长轴自身的特性的分析,围绕细长轴的加工方法、加工过程中振动特性研究、有限元法在细长轴车削加工中的应用、误差控制补偿以及细长轴的装夹方式和参数的选择等几个方面展开论述。分析双刀车削加工细长轴的误差来源,经过翻阅文献分析研究,最终确定了影响双刀车削加工细长轴弯曲变形产生误差的主要原因是刀具的切削力。通过建立对双刀车削受力分析,确定了径向力是影响细长轴弯曲变形的主要因素。对双刀车削细长轴径向力进行分析,求解得出双刀车削细长轴在径向力作用下的弯曲变形方程。建立双刀车削加工细长轴误差控制模型,构建PID闭环制造系统,设计并安装CCD在线检测系统。最后,本文通过理论分析以及ANSYS Workbench仿真分析,找出最适合双刀车削加工的背吃刀量、进给量以及车削速度,结合文中最后一部分的PID控制补偿系统以及CCD在线检测系统更加充分地论述了减少双刀车削加工细长轴尺寸误差的方法。结果表明采用尺寸误差补偿方法能够显著的提高细长轴的车削加工精度,达到了预期的目的,同时为后续细长轴精度的提高提供了重要依据。
[Abstract]:Because the shaft is an important part of the machine, it plays an irreplaceable role in supporting rotary parts, transferring motion and torque, so the precision of shaft parts is also very high. For the slender shaft with large stiffness difference and force, it is easy to produce bending deformation, vibration and other factors that affect the actual cutting quantity of the cutting tool, which increases the cutting error of the slender axis. The traditional cutting method is difficult to meet the requirement of machining precision of slender shaft at this stage. With the development of symmetrical double-tool turning, the radial force of cutting force of slender axis is weakened to some extent due to the symmetrical installation of double knife. The bending deformation degree is reduced and the machining precision is improved. In this paper, through the analysis of the current situation and the characteristics of the slender shaft in the process of double-knife turning at home and abroad, the machining method of the slender shaft, the vibration characteristics of the machining process, and the application of the finite element method in the machining of the slender shaft are discussed. The error control compensation and the selection of clamping mode and parameters of slender shaft are discussed. This paper analyzes the error source of the long axis in turning with double knives, and finally determines that the cutting force is the main reason that affects the bending deformation of the long axis of the turning with double knives by looking through the literature. The radial force is the main factor affecting the bending deformation of the slender axis. In this paper, the radial force of long and thin axis of double cutter turning is analyzed, and the bending deformation equation of thin axis of double knife turning under radial force is obtained. The error control model of slender axis in double cutter turning is established, the pid closed-loop manufacturing system is constructed, and the CCD on-line detection system is designed and installed. Finally, through theoretical analysis and ANSYS Workbench simulation analysis, find out the most suitable for double-knife turning, feed and turning speed. Combined with pid control compensation system and CCD on-line detection system in the last part of the paper, the method to reduce the dimension error of slender shaft in double cutter turning is discussed more fully. The results show that dimension error compensation method can significantly improve the machining accuracy of the slender shaft, achieve the desired purpose, and provide an important basis for the subsequent improvement of the precision of the slender shaft.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG51

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