基于机器视觉的标准直齿圆柱齿轮参数的测量

发布时间：2018-08-12 09:02

【摘要】：齿轮是很多机械设备中经常使用的一类重要传动零件。在工业发展的进程中,齿轮一直发挥着不可或缺的作用。在工业化与信息化时代的今天,齿轮及其相关技术仍是我们研究的热点方向之一。齿轮的精度直接影响整台机器的使用性能与寿命。目前测量齿轮参数的设备众多,如三坐标测量机、齿轮检测中心等。但这些检测设备均因价格昂贵,且使用和维修技术性强,而迟迟未得到广泛应用。随着机器视觉技术发展的步伐之快,在现代测量中因其所具有的效率高、实时性好、动态范围大等诸多优点,而受到了广泛青睐。结合机器视觉技术的特点,本文研制了基于其检测技术的齿轮测量系统,主要内容包括:检测系统相关硬件配置及其选型分析、齿轮视觉测量系统设计与开发、实验结果处理与误差分析等。总体而言,本文所重点研究的内容可分为以下三部分。第一,结合实验室现有的视觉测量平台,首先分析了图像采集的过程主要是相机的运动控制;然后对相机、镜头、照明方式、光源等进行了选择,构建了测量系统的硬件平台;最后对齿轮视觉测量系统软件部分进行了开发设计,包括软件总体结构与各子模块的设计;第二,阐述了齿轮测量中应用到的图像处理技术如滤波去噪、图像填充、腐蚀、掩膜处理、边缘检测等;第三,阐述了齿轮参数的测量方案包括齿轮几何参数如:齿数z、模数m、齿顶圆半径ar、齿根圆半径fr等与齿轮单项误差如:齿距偏差pt?f、齿形误差f?f、齿距累积误差pk?F等参数的测量方法;本文最后以一渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮为实验对象,在物距一定的条件下,首先用选择的标准件对系统进行标定;然后在相同的视觉测量模型下,采集齿轮图像,根据本课题所设计的测量方案进行测量。实验结果表明,这种基于机器视觉技术的齿轮参数测量方法是可行的。
[Abstract]:Gear is a kind of important transmission parts which are often used in many mechanical equipments. In the process of industrial development, gears have been playing an indispensable role. In the age of industrialization and information, gear and its related technology are still one of the hot research directions. The accuracy of gear directly affects the performance and life of the whole machine. At present, there are many equipments for measuring gear parameters, such as coordinate measuring machine, gear detecting center and so on. However, these testing equipments have not been widely used because of their high price and strong technical use and maintenance. With the rapid development of machine vision technology, it has been widely used in modern measurement because of its high efficiency, good real-time, large dynamic range and so on. According to the characteristics of machine vision technology, a gear measuring system based on machine vision technology is developed in this paper. The main contents include: hardware configuration and selection analysis, design and development of gear vision measurement system. Experimental results processing and error analysis. In general, the main contents of this paper can be divided into the following three parts. First, combining with the existing visual measurement platform in the laboratory, the paper analyzes that the process of image acquisition is mainly the motion control of the camera, and then selects the camera, lens, lighting mode, light source and so on, and constructs the hardware platform of the measurement system. Finally, the software of the gear vision measurement system is developed and designed, including the overall structure of the software and the design of each sub-module. Secondly, the image processing techniques used in gear measurement such as filtering and denoising, image filling and corrosion are described. Mask processing, edge detection, etc.; third, The measuring scheme of gear parameters is described in this paper, including the measuring methods of gear geometric parameters such as tooth number z, modulus m, tooth top circle radius arr, tooth root circle radius f r and gear single error such as pitch deviation, tooth profile error, tooth spacing cumulative error, etc. In the end of this paper, a standard involute spur gear is used as the experimental object. Under the condition of fixed object distance, the system is calibrated with the selected standard parts, and then the gear images are collected under the same visual measurement model. According to the measurement scheme designed by the subject, the measurement is carried out. The experimental results show that this method based on machine vision is feasible.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.41;TG86

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