国产数控系统在五坐标铣床技术改造上的应用与研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 09:18

【摘要】：2000年以后,随着国家对航天航空等工业发展的大力扶持,以及制造业竞争的日益激烈,航空部件的制造也随着数字化技术的飞速发展进入了数字时代。只有保证了航空部件的低成本、高质量、高环保性,才能保持航空产品的先进性,这就需要拥有更高速、更精确、更可靠的加工技术。然而航空工业产品零件往往具有耐高温、高强度、难加工,合金材料和复合材料多、复杂结构件多、工艺要求高、价格昂贵的特点,普通低端数控加工中心在切削精度、质量、效率等方面都难以胜任。针对飞机起落架、发动机等钛合金零部件加工用国产数控机床以及国产高档数控系统国内目前尚处空白。本文首先陈述了数控技术的发展趋势,探讨了数控技术改造必要性和优越性,介绍数控铣床的主要特点及适用范围,分析了机床数控改造的可行性及改造步骤设计。然后对机床坐标电机伺服驱动系统的控制原理进行了研究,分析计算了机床各个电机的选型方法,运用广州数控系统GSK25i对西飞公司FSP-120V五坐标数控立式加工中心进行数控改造,说明了该系统的调试方法,设计了机床可编程控制器(PLC)程序和刀库程序,介绍了五轴联动下RTCP(刀具旋转中心点控制)精度和机床定位精度的检测和补偿。最后结合实际工程经验,详细设计了数控机床的主轴及其配套轴承,并对设计好的主轴进行了强度和刚性分析,对其静强度、刚度特性进行校核。
[Abstract]:After 2000, with the great support of the country to the development of aerospace industry and the increasingly fierce competition of manufacturing industry, the manufacture of aviation components has also entered the digital age with the rapid development of digital technology. Only by ensuring the low cost, high quality and high environmental protection of aviation components, can we maintain the advanced nature of aviation products, which requires more high-speed, more accurate and more reliable processing technology. However, the components of aeronautical industrial products often have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high strength, difficult processing, many alloy materials and composite materials, many complex structural parts, high process requirements and high price. Efficiency and other aspects are not competent. The domestic numerical control machine tool for aircraft landing gear, engine and other titanium alloy parts processing and the domestic high grade numerical control system are still blank in our country. In this paper, the development trend of numerical control technology is first stated, the necessity and superiority of numerical control technical transformation are discussed, the main features and applicable scope of NC milling machine are introduced, the feasibility and design of reconstruction steps of NC machine tool are analyzed. Then, the control principle of the servo drive system of machine tool coordinate motor is studied, and the selection method of each motor of machine tool is analyzed and calculated. The NC transformation of FSP-120V 5-axis vertical NC machining center of Xifei Company is carried out by using Guangzhou NC system GSK25i. The debugging method of the system is explained, and the (PLC) program and tool library program of the programmable controller of machine tool are designed. The measurement and compensation of tool rotation center point control (RTCP) precision and machine tool positioning accuracy under five axis linkage are introduced. Finally, combined with practical engineering experience, the spindle and its supporting bearings of NC machine tool are designed in detail, and the strength and rigidity of the designed spindle are analyzed, and the static strength and stiffness characteristics of the spindle are checked.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG547

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