LED集鱼灯焊接工艺研究

发布时间：2019-03-03 12:15

【摘要】：集鱼灯作为鱿钓行业的重要辅助工具,使用LED灯作为集鱼灯光源,不同于传统光源的发散不集中、会产生紫外线伤害、功耗大、光衰严重、使用寿命短的特点,具有定向性、无污染、低能耗、长寿命等特点,对鱿钓业的发展具有长足的意义。对LED集鱼灯灯体结构外壳的研究对于LED集鱼灯的应用具有十分重要的意义。它包括结构设计、选材、焊接工艺研究、接头性能研究等各方面内容。另外,为提高焊接质量与效率,实现焊接机器人自动化焊接是十分必要的。本文选用316L奥氏体不锈钢作为LED集鱼灯灯壳材料。316L奥氏体不锈钢属于超低碳奥氏体不锈钢,16%-18%的铬含量使316L在表面形成氧化膜使不锈钢处于钝化状态,镍能够使不锈钢耐均匀腐蚀,碳含量低可减少焊接时铬的碳化物的析出,从而减少铬的消耗,另外钼元素的加入提高了316L对Cl-的耐蚀能力,因此316L结构件普遍应用于海洋工程中。结合焊接实际,利用SYSWELD有限元软件对集鱼灯搭接接头适度熔透焊接的温度场进行数值模拟,将模拟熔池与实际焊接熔池进行对比,形状基本吻合,从而验证了该有限元模型的正确性。并利用该模型对复合板过度熔透即铝合金临近熔穿情况下的温度场进行了模拟。两种情况所获得焊接参数,即焊接电流、焊接电压、焊接速度分别为110A和175A、20V和27V、0.6m/min和0.6m/min,为实际焊接提供了理论指导。本实验以模拟结果为指导,以焊接电流、焊接电压、焊接速度为因素,设计了一个三因素四水平的正交试验,对LED集鱼灯灯壳的焊接工艺进行了研究。以评分标准为参照,对焊缝成形进行评分,并采用直观分析法比较各个因素的极差,分析了各个影响因素对焊缝成形的影响的显著性,其显著性由高到底依次焊接速度、焊接电流、焊接电压,并分析了其对焊缝成形的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数,即焊接电流130A、焊接电压21V、焊接速度0.6m/min。使用最佳工艺参数进行焊接,并进行取样,测定其熔深、熔宽,并对其焊缝和母材进行物相、成分、微观组织、硬度和耐海水腐蚀性能进行了研究和分析。母材为单一的奥氏体组织,为轧制而成的纤维组织。焊缝区为奥氏体+(10%-13%)铁素体,沿熔合线呈柱状晶方式生长。焊缝的主要合金元素含量与母材基本一致。316L奥氏体不锈钢中,焊缝硬度高于母材。焊缝和母材的海水腐蚀速率分别为0.1814mm/a、0.1767mm/a。采用最优参数对LED集鱼灯灯壳进行试焊,并对其进行质量检测,经统计其合格率为95%,表明该最优参数可用于实际焊接并指导生产。
[Abstract]:As an important auxiliary tool in squid industry, LED lamp is used as light source in squid industry. Different from the divergence of traditional light source, it will cause UV damage, high power consumption, serious light decay, short service life, and has the characteristics of directivity, which has the characteristics of high power consumption, serious light decay and short service life, which is different from the divergence of traditional light source. The characteristics of no pollution, low energy consumption and long life have great significance to the development of squid fishing industry. It is of great significance for the application of LED collector lamp to study the shell of LED lamp body. It includes structural design, material selection, welding process research, joint performance research and so on. In addition, in order to improve welding quality and efficiency, it is very necessary to realize automatic welding of welding robot. In this paper, 316L austenitic stainless steel is selected as LED lamp shell material. 316L austenitic stainless steel belongs to ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel. 316L austenitic stainless steel is passivated by the formation of oxide film on the surface of 316L stainless steel with 18% chromium content. Nickel can resist uniform corrosion of stainless steel. Low carbon content can reduce the precipitation of chromium carbide during welding, thereby reducing the consumption of chromium. In addition, the addition of molybdenum improves the corrosion resistance of 316L to Cl-. Therefore, 316L structural parts are widely used in ocean engineering. Combined with welding practice, numerical simulation of temperature field in appropriate penetration welding of fish lamp lap joint is carried out by using SYSWELD finite element software. The simulated weld pool is compared with the actual welding pool, and the shape is basically consistent. The correctness of the finite element model is verified. The model is used to simulate the temperature field of the composite plate under the condition that the penetration of aluminum alloy is near to the penetration of aluminum alloy. The welding parameters, namely welding current, welding voltage and welding speed, are 110 A and 175 A, 20 V and 27 V, 0.6 mg / min and 0.6 m / min, respectively, which provide theoretical guidance for practical welding. Under the guidance of simulation results and taking welding current, welding voltage and welding speed as factors, a three-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment was designed to study the welding process of LED fishing lamp shell. According to the scoring standard, the weld forming is graded, and the difference of each factor is compared with the visual analysis method. The influence of each influencing factor on the weld forming is analyzed, and the welding speed in turn from the high to the end is analyzed. The influence of welding current and voltage on weld forming is analyzed, and the optimum technological parameters are determined as follows: welding current 130A, welding voltage 21V, welding speed 0.6m 路min. The best technological parameters were used for welding and sampling, the penetration and width of the weld were measured, and the phase, composition, microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of the weld and base metal were studied and analyzed. The base metal is a single austenitic structure and a fiber structure formed by rolling. The weld zone is austenite (10% ~ 13%) ferrite and grows in columnar form along the fusion line. In 316L austenitic stainless steel, the hardness of weld is higher than that of base metal. The corrosion rates of weld and base metal are 0.1814 mm / a and 0.1767 mm / a respectively. The optimum parameters were used to weld the LED fishing lamp shell, and the quality of the shell was tested. The qualified rate was 95%. The results show that the optimal parameter can be used in actual welding and guiding production.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S972.63;TG44

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