滚珠丝杠副故障测试试验台与测控系统设计

发布时间：2019-03-22 13:30

【摘要】：作为一种常用的进给装置,滚珠丝杠副广泛应用于数控机床和工业机器人等设备中,是影响数控机床加工精度和工业机器人运动精度的关键部件之一。对滚珠丝杠副进行在线监测,识别其运行状况,可以保证设备正常运行。本文对滚珠丝杠副故障测试试验台(以下简称测试试验台)与测控系统进行设计研究,以实现滚珠丝杠副运行状态的在线监测。首先,结合滚珠丝杠副尺寸与运行参数,设计了测试试验台总体体系结构方案。根据测试测试试验台故障模拟与机理研究的需求,设计了试验台测控系统的总体方案,包括硬件体系结构与软件体系结构,满足了测试试验台运动控制和振动信号采集功能要求。其次,设计并实现了基于模糊PID的双电机同步控制方法。确定了主从式双电机同步控制方案,采用模糊PID控制算法对双电机转速进行实时同步调节,分析了PID三个参数与误差和误差变化率之间的模糊关系,制定相应的模糊规则,并依据该规则通过模糊推理对PID控制参数进行整定。仿真与实验分析结果表明所提方法能够有效地对双电机进行同步调节。然后,给出了滚珠丝杠副测控系统的软硬件详细设计方法。测控系统硬件包括DSP及其外围电路模块、数据采集模块、通信管理模块、电源管理模块、电机控制模块和CPLD模块等。系统软件包括上位机与下位机两部分,通过串口与网络接口实现上下位机电机控制指令和振动信号传输。最后,构建了滚珠丝杠副试验台和测控系统测试方案,开发了测控系统。测试结果表明所研制测控系统能够实现滚珠丝杠副试验台控制和振动信号采集。研究了基于AR建模预处理与功率谱分析的滚珠丝杠副振动信号特征提取方法,分析结果表明该方法能够进一步提取滚珠丝杠副振动信号特征。同时,滚珠丝杠副点蚀故障模拟分析结果表明系统能够满足滚珠丝杠副故障模拟与监测分析的要求。
[Abstract]:As a common feed device, ball screw pair is widely used in CNC machine tools and industrial robots and other equipment. It is one of the key components that affect the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools and the movement precision of industrial robots. On-line monitoring and identification of ball screw pairs can ensure the normal operation of the equipment. In this paper, the ball screw fault test bench (hereinafter referred to as the test bench) and the measurement and control system are designed and studied in order to realize the on-line monitoring of the running state of the ball screw pair. Firstly, combined with the size and running parameters of ball screw pairs, the overall system structure of the test stand is designed. According to the requirement of fault simulation and mechanism research of test-bed, the overall scheme of test-bed measurement and control system is designed, including hardware architecture and software architecture. It meets the requirements of motion control and vibration signal acquisition of test-bed. Secondly, the synchronous control method of double motors based on fuzzy PID is designed and implemented. The synchronous control scheme of master-slave dual motor is determined. The fuzzy PID control algorithm is used to adjust the rotating speed of the dual motor in real time. The fuzzy relation between the three parameters of PID and the error and the rate of error change is analyzed, and the corresponding fuzzy rules are established. According to the rule, the parameters of PID control are adjusted by fuzzy reasoning. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively adjust the dual motors synchronously. Then, the detailed design method of hardware and software of the measurement and control system of ball screw pair is given. The hardware of the measurement and control system includes DSP and its peripheral circuit module, data acquisition module, communication management module, power management module, motor control module and CPLD module. The system software consists of two parts: upper computer and lower computer. Through the interface of serial port and network, the control command and vibration signal transmission of upper and lower machine motor are realized. Finally, the test scheme of ball screw test-bed and measurement and control system is constructed, and the measurement and control system is developed. The test results show that the developed measurement and control system can realize the control of ball screw test-bed and the acquisition of vibration signal. The feature extraction method of ball screw pair vibration signal based on AR modeling pre-processing and power spectrum analysis is studied. The analysis results show that this method can further extract the vibration signal feature of ball screw pair. At the same time, the simulation and analysis results of pitting corrosion fault of ball screw pair show that the system can meet the requirements of fault simulation and monitoring analysis of ball screw pair.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG659;TP274

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