嵌入式智能电表及上位机系统设计

发布时间：2018-01-02 21:24

本文关键词：嵌入式智能电表及上位机系统设计　出处：《华南理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的飞速发展，各行业对电能的需求量逐年攀升，在资源日益溃乏的今天，电力供求不平衡之间的矛盾逐渐凸显，合理使用电资源已成为社会广泛关注的课题。为了缓解电力资源不足的问题，国家出台了一系列电费计量政策，用经济杠杆宏观调控人们的用电行为，以达到科学节能的目的。多种电费计价方式的推行，促使具有综合业务能力的新型智能电表的研究与开发。针对目前国内电表在功能、成本和应用等方面的局限，本文设计了一款基于MSP430F4794微处理器的低功耗、低成本智能电表及上位机系统。它支持复费率、阶梯费率及功率因数影响因子的电费计量方式，可实现实时时钟、定时备份数据、监控环境温湿度等功能，同时具有预估未来一段时间用电器耗能量与二氧化碳排放量的能力。结合上位机的软件实现，智能电表的备份数据能以报表、详细数据清单、数据曲线的方式呈现给用户，，方便用户进一步分析与处理。整个嵌入式智能电表与上位机系统提供良好的人机界面，可实现用户个性化服务配置和软件校表功能。本文主要在下列几方面进行研究：（1）针对目前电能表的应用背景大多是“一户一表”制或“多户一表”制的特点，提出了“一用电器一表”的应用，适应市场的需求。根据系统的功能要求，确定了系统的总体结构，将系统划分为智能电表和上位机软件两部分设计。（2）结合国内外研究现状，分析了目前电能表的主要设计方案，确定了硬件简单、结构紧凑、性能优越的单片SOC(System On a Chip)解决方案，在此基础上，论证了以MSP430F4794为核心处理器的硬件结构的可行性。（3）根据主控芯片的特点，给出了接口外围电路的设计方法，并详细阐述了嵌入式部分软件结构和设计流程。（4）结合功能需求，介绍上位机软件基本功能及实现思想。在的实际测试中，嵌入式智能电表及上位机系统的计量精度达到1.0级电能表的标准。它的硬件成本低廉，开发周期短，功能强大，用户体验良好，具有广阔的市场前景。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the demand for electricity in various industries is rising year by year, and the contradiction between the imbalance of power supply and demand is becoming more and more prominent. In order to alleviate the shortage of power resources, the government has issued a series of electricity metering policies, using economic leverage to macro-control people's behavior of electricity consumption. In order to achieve the purpose of scientific energy saving, the implementation of various pricing methods of electricity charges promotes the research and development of new intelligent meters with comprehensive business capability. Aiming at the limitation of function, cost and application of domestic ammeter, a low power consumption based on MSP430F4794 microprocessor is designed in this paper. Low cost intelligent meter and upper computer system. It supports the tariff metering mode of complex rate, step rate and power factor, and can realize the functions of real-time clock, timing backup data, monitoring environment temperature and humidity and so on. At the same time, it has the ability to estimate the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of electric appliances for some time in the future. Combined with the software of upper computer, the backup data of intelligent meter can be listed by report and detailed data. The data curve is presented to the user, which is convenient for the user to further analyze and process. The whole embedded intelligent meter and the upper computer system provide a good man-machine interface. The function of user personalized service configuration and software table calibration can be realized. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: 1) in view of the fact that the application background of electric energy meter is mostly "one household, one meter" system or "multi-household one meter" system, the application of "one electric appliance and one meter" is put forward. According to the functional requirements of the system, the overall structure of the system is determined, and the system is divided into two parts: intelligent meter and upper computer software. Combined with the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the main design scheme of the current watt-hour meter, and determines the hardware is simple and the structure is compact. Superior performance of the single-chip SOC(System on a Chip solution, based on this. The feasibility of hardware architecture with MSP430F4794 as the core processor is demonstrated. According to the characteristics of the main control chip, the design method of the peripheral circuit of the interface is given, and the software structure and design flow of the embedded part are described in detail. Combined with functional requirements, the basic functions and realization ideas of upper computer software are introduced. In the actual test, the measuring accuracy of embedded intelligent meter and upper computer system is up to the standard of 1.0 class watt-hour meter. Its hardware cost is low, the development period is short, the function is powerful, and the user experience is good. There is a broad market prospect.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TM933.4;TP368.1

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