基于ARM和FPGA的振动校准测控系统的研究和开发

发布时间：2018-01-21 22:06

本文关键词： MEMS 振动传感器校准 ARM FPGA　出处：《杭州电子科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传感器已成为获取自然科学领域中信息的主要途径和重要手段，广泛应用于社会各个领域，其性能将直接影响到振动测量系统的准确性和可靠性，所以在使用前必须对其进行校准。本文提出了一种基于ARM和FPGA的振动校准测控系统的设计方案，可实现MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechamical System)电容式振动传感器的便捷校准。首先介绍了MEMS电容式加速度传感器的基本结构，分别对平板式电容加速度传感器的单边变间距式结构、变面积式结构以及双边变间距式结构，进行静电力驱动分析，可知双边变间距式结构在静电力驱动作用下周期往复运动。假设双边变间距式结构的MEMS电容式振动传感器在静电力作用下正弦振动，可推算出加载到其固定极板上的电压信号(记为驱动电压VD)。在此基础上，提出了设计一种便捷校准的MEMS电容式振动传感器的构想，在该传感器的校准引脚外加驱动电压VD，可驱动传感器正弦振动，采集传感器振动状态信息，可实现该传感器的便捷校准。在研究振动校准测控系统的基础上，，设计了针对便捷校准的MEMS电容式振动传感器的振动校准测控系统。在该系统中使用ARM和FPGA取代传统振动校准测控系统中的大量仪器，实现了系统的专用性、小型化、便携性、实用性。其中，利用DDS技术，FPGA实现程控任意波形信号发生器，产生驱动电压VD。ARM处理器取代PC机的主控作用，实现校准参数输入、信号发生器程控、数据采集控制、校准结果显示保存等功能。针对系统设计方案，实现了具体的硬件设计和软件设计。采用S3C2440和EP4C15F17C8的主处理器加协处理器的系统整体设计架构，设计了基于24位高精度AD转换器ADS1255的数据采集模块，保证采集数据的精度。设计了基于ASC8511的电源管理模块，可实现锂电池充电及供电管理功能，为振动校准测控系统供电，满足系统的便携性要求。软件部分包括操作系统的移植和振动校准系统软件的设计。分别将Linux操作系统和MiniGUI移植到S3C2440处理器。振动校准系统软件可实现校准项目选择、校准参数输入、校准结果显示保存等功能，其中，校准项目包括定频校准、幅值线性度校准和频率响应校准。最后，对系统进行软硬件协同调试。对程控任意波形信号发生器和数据采集模块进行测试，用程控任意波形信号发生器产生的正弦信号模拟传感器的正弦振动状态，给出校准功能的测试数据，初步验证了系统的可行性。
[Abstract]:Sensor has become the main way and important means to obtain information in the field of natural science. It is widely used in various fields of society. Its performance will directly affect the accuracy and reliability of vibration measurement system. Therefore, it must be calibrated before use. This paper proposes a design scheme of vibration calibration measurement and control system based on ARM and FPGA. The MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechamical system capacitive vibration sensor can be calibrated conveniently. Firstly, the basic structure of MEMS capacitive accelerometer is introduced. The single side variable spacing structure, variable area structure and two side variable spacing structure of flat plate capacitive accelerometer are introduced respectively. Hydrostatic driving analysis. It is known that the two-sided variable-spacing structure moves periodically under hydrostatic driving. Suppose that the MEMS capacitive vibration sensor of the two-sided variable-spacing structure is sinusoidal under the static electric force. The voltage signal loaded on its fixed plate can be calculated. On the basis of this, the concept of designing a convenient calibrated MEMS capacitive vibration sensor is presented. By applying the driving voltage VD to the calibrated pin of the sensor, the sine vibration of the sensor can be driven, and the vibration state information of the sensor can be collected, which can realize the convenient calibration of the sensor. Based on the research of vibration calibration measurement and control system. A vibration calibration measurement and control system for convenient calibration of MEMS capacitive vibration sensor is designed, in which ARM and FPGA are used to replace a large number of instruments in the traditional vibration calibration measurement and control system. The special, miniaturization, portability and practicability of the system are realized. Among them, the program controlled arbitrary waveform signal generator is realized by using DDS technology. The main control function of PC is replaced by driving voltage VD.ARM processor. The functions of calibration parameter input, signal generator program control, data acquisition control, calibration result display and save are realized. For the system design, the hardware design and software design are realized, and the system architecture based on the main processor of S3C2440 and EP4C15F17C8 is designed. The data acquisition module based on 24-bit high-precision AD converter ADS1255 is designed to ensure the accuracy of data acquisition. The power management module based on ASC8511 is designed. It can realize the function of charging and power supply management of lithium battery and supply power for vibration calibration measurement and control system. The software part includes the transplantation of operating system and the design of vibration calibration system software. The Linux operating system and MiniGUI are transplanted to S3C2440 processor, respectively. Vibration calibration system software can realize the selection of calibration items. Calibration parameters input, calibration results display save and other functions, among which, calibration items include constant frequency calibration, amplitude linearity calibration and frequency response calibration. Finally, the software and hardware co-debugging of the system. The program-controlled arbitrary waveform signal generator and data acquisition module are tested. The sinusoidal vibration state of the sensor is simulated by the sinusoidal signal generated by the program-controlled arbitrary waveform signal generator. The test data of the calibration function are given and the feasibility of the system is preliminarily verified.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP368.1

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