电梯门机控制系统设计与实现研究

发布时间：2018-02-19 19:10

本文关键词： 门机控制系统数字信号处理器硬件设计 VF控制　出处：《上海交通大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电梯的门机控制系统是电梯重要的结构部件之一，门机控制系统的性能直接影响电梯的运行质量和故障率指标，并影响乘客安全进出轿厢和候梯时间。近年来，随着电力电子技术和微控制器技术的发展，数字信号处理器的处理速度和运算能力迅速提高，促进了电机控制技术的发展。而异步电机具有结构简单，成本和维护费用低等优点。因此，本文设计了以数字信号处理器为主控芯片，采用恒压频比(VF)的控制算法，将电梯门机驱动器与逻辑控制器集成为一体的门机控制系统。本文解读了国标GB7588-2003《电梯制造与安装安全规范》中与门机控制相关的规定，并且分析蒂森克虏伯电梯公司所使用的K100、K200门机控制系统的系统构成、工作原理和接口信号，和存在的优缺点，从而提出了一款新的门机控制系统，包括门机控制系统的输入输出信号，可实现的功能及故障保护。在系统硬件设计中，本文给出了主要电路模块的详细设计图，并对其中的元器件进行了分析和选型，对电路中的电气参数进行了分析计算和说明。这些主要的电路模块包括光耦输入电路模块，继电器输出电路模块，差分和推挽编码器采集模块，以TMS320F2812为主控芯片的MCU模块，系统复位模块，，以三菱电机公司生产的智能功率模块PS21964为驱动模块的驱动电路，过电流保护电路模块，过电流自锁保护电路模块。基于所设计的控制系统电路图，论文对系统的额定冲击电压、最小电气间隙、最小爬电距离及电气绝缘等电气参数进行了详细的分析，确定了印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)走线的线宽，制定了电气规则和走线规则。运用Altium公司的Altium Designer Summer08绘制PCB板，并给出了布线完成后的板图。在系统软件的设计中，本文阐述了基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的VF控制系统的基本原理，VF控制原理，PID控制算法，坐标变换，SVPWM控制算法以及编码器采集模块的原理，编写了VF控制的门机控制程序,并通过软件开发平台CCS5.1分三步编译调试了控制程序。首先，编译了VF控制程序，通过测试平台验证了该段程序可以正确运行。然后，在上一步的基础上加入了编码器采集程序，通过测试该段程序证明系统可以正确反馈电机的转速。最后，再在第二步的基础上加入PID调节程序，通过示波器记录实际波形，并与软件仿真波形进行对比，验证了系统设计的有效性。
[Abstract]:The door crane control system of elevator is one of the important structural components of elevator. The performance of door crane control system directly affects the operation quality and failure rate index of elevator, and also affects the safe entry and exit of passengers in and out of the car and waiting time. In recent years, the performance of door crane control system directly affects the operation quality and failure rate index of elevator. With the development of power electronics and microcontroller technology, the processing speed and computing ability of digital signal processor have been improved rapidly, which has promoted the development of motor control technology. The cost and maintenance cost are low. Therefore, this paper designs a door crane control system with digital signal processor as the main control chip and constant voltage frequency ratio (VF) control algorithm, which integrates the elevator door crane driver with the logic controller. This paper interprets the regulations related to door crane control in the national standard GB7588-2003 "Safety Specification for the manufacture and installation of Elevator", and analyzes the system structure, working principle and interface signal of the K100m K200 door crane control system used by ThyssenKrupp Elevator Company, which is used by ThyssenKrupp Elevator Company. A new door crane control system is proposed, including the input and output signals of the door crane control system, the functions and fault protection of the door crane control system. In the hardware design of the system, the detailed design diagram of the main circuit modules is given, and the components are analyzed and selected. The main circuit modules include optocoupler input circuit module, relay output circuit module, differential and push-pull encoder acquisition module, and MCU module with TMS320F2812 as the main control chip. The system reset module takes the intelligent power module PS21964 produced by Mitsubishi Electric Company as the driving circuit, the over-current protection circuit module and the over-current self-locking protection circuit module. Based on the circuit diagram of the designed control system, the electrical parameters of the system, such as rated impulse voltage, minimum electrical gap, minimum creeping distance and electrical insulation, are analyzed in detail, and the line width of printed Circuit printed Circuit PCB is determined. The electric rules and wiring rules are formulated, and the PCB board is drawn by Altium Designer Summer08 of Altium Company, and the board diagram after wiring is given. In the design of system software, the basic principle of VF control system based on voltage space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is described. The basic principle of VF control system is the pid control algorithm, the coordinate transformation SVPWM control algorithm and the principle of encoder acquisition module. The control program of the door crane controlled by VF is written, and the control program is compiled and debugged by the software development platform CCS5.1 in three steps. Firstly, the control program of VF is compiled and verified by the test platform. On the basis of the previous step, the encoder acquisition program is added, and it is proved by testing the program that the system can correctly feedback the speed of the motor. Finally, on the basis of the second step, the PID adjustment program is added, and the actual waveform is recorded by the oscillograph. And compared with the software simulation waveform, the effectiveness of the system design is verified.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TM343;TP368.12

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