支持多核处理器的RTEMS嵌入式操作系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 20:02

本文选题：多核处理器　切入点：对称多处理器　出处：《哈尔滨工程大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着信息量爆炸式增长，计算机系统的性能和功耗之间的矛盾日益凸现，单核处理器已不能满足各领域电脑用户的需求。单芯片多核处理器通过在芯片上集成多个频率较低的可执行核来解决单核发展遇到的瓶颈问题，而研究支持多核处理器的操作系统是多核得以应用的基础。RTEMS嵌入式操作系统对多处理器提供了很好的支持。但是具体硬件体系结构不同，多核化设计过程中需要实现机制不一样。本文主要研究支持SMP体系的RTEMS多核化实现机制。论文首先剖析RTEMS操作系统内核，在此基础上研究RTEMS系统对多核处理器的支持。系统采用了共享内存的体系架构，通过中断机制实现多核之间的通信。针对单核情况下的同步互斥机制在多核系统中不能保持原有语义的问题，系统采用改进的任务自旋锁与中断自旋锁相结合的机制，该机制较好的实现了RTEMS多核化的同步与互斥。针对RTEMS多核任务调度采用统一分配策略带来的不足，，在对现有动态调度算法研究的基础上，提出根据系统资源动态变化自动进行任务调整的两级动态任务调度算法。本文在M5多核仿真平台上利用TGFF工具生成测试任务的方法进行实验，验证RTEMS多核化系统的可行性和高效性，并选择加速比和负载平衡效率作为策略性能评价指标。测试结果证明了系统正确性，并且随着计算规模不断增大，新机制缩短了任务执行时间、改善了系统并行效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the explosive growth of information, the contradiction between the performance and power consumption of computer systems has become increasingly apparent. Single-core processors can no longer meet the needs of computer users in various fields. Single-chip multi-core processors can solve the bottleneck problems encountered in the development of single cores by integrating multiple low-frequency executable cores on the chip. The research on the operating system supporting multi-core processor is the basis of the application of multi-core. RTEMS embedded operating system provides a good support for multi-processor, but the specific hardware architecture is different. The implementation mechanism is different in the process of multicore design. This paper mainly studies the implementation mechanism of RTEMS multicore supporting SMP system. Firstly, the kernel of RTEMS operating system is analyzed, and then the support of RTEMS system to multi-core processor is studied. The system adopts the architecture of shared memory. In order to solve the problem that the synchronous mutex mechanism in the case of single core can not keep the original semantics in the multi-core system, the system adopts the improved mechanism of the combination of the task spin lock and the interrupt spin lock. This mechanism realizes the synchronization and mutex of RTEMS multicore well. Aiming at the shortage of unified allocation policy for RTEMS multi-core task scheduling, based on the research of the existing dynamic scheduling algorithms, This paper presents a two-level dynamic task scheduling algorithm which automatically adjusts tasks according to the dynamic changes of system resources. In this paper, the method of generating test task by using TGFF tools on M5 multi-core simulation platform is used to verify the feasibility and efficiency of RTEMS multicore system. The speedup ratio and load balancing efficiency are selected as the performance evaluation indexes of the strategy. The test results show that the system is correct and the new mechanism shortens the task execution time and improves the system parallel efficiency with the increasing of computing scale.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP332;TP316

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