轻量型算术运算电路单元设计与FPGA实现

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:20

本文选题：近似算法　切入点：轻量型电路运算单元　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：低功耗数字电路设计是大规模数字电路系统中研究的重要方向。由于无线传感网和智能移动设备的不断发展,针对其算法日益增多,随之带来的是其计算复杂度的不断攀升。尤其在散热成本以及电池容量受限制的今天,研究高效率、低功耗的硬件专用计算电路成为当前重要课题。通过近似计算降低功耗和电路面积是近年来学术界提出的一种新的电路设计思想,其允许硬件实现时舍弃原有精确型运算规则,设计出轻量型电路运算结构,从而达到降低运算面积和功耗的目的。乘、除法器是最常用的基本运算电路,几乎所有的算法都离不开乘、除法运算。但是传统乘、除法器结构已不能满足当前高效率计算对资源和能耗的要求。因此,本文针对该问题结合近似算法思想独立完成对传统型乘法器的轻量型改进,同时提出了基于SRT算法的轻量型运算电路设计。第一,由于乘法器和除法器通常采用加法移位结构来实现,所以本文通过研究当前存在的加法运算结构,实现了一种轻量型加法运算结构,提高了加法运算速度。第二,在分析传统乘法运算结构基础上,对传统采用的4-2压缩器结构进行轻量化改进,减少了部分积相加所耗时间,降低了资源消耗。第三,通过分析传统SRT除法运算规则,结合进位保留加法器延时小的特点,根据逐渐截断进位链的思想,提出了一种轻量型除法运算结构。该种轻量型除法器设计结构能够最大限度的节省资源消耗,提高电路运算速度。第四,为验证轻量型运算效果,本文设计了基于轻量化运算单元的直方图均衡图像增强系统,并与精确型运算结果对比。结果表明轻量型运算单元有效的改善了系统的速度、面积、频率、功耗等性能。
[Abstract]:Low-power digital circuit design is an important research direction in large-scale digital circuit system. Due to the continuous development of wireless sensor network and intelligent mobile devices, the number of algorithms is increasing day by day. The resulting increase in computational complexity, especially at a time when the cost of heat dissipation and the capacity of the battery are limited, is highly efficient. Low-power hardware dedicated computing circuit has become an important subject at present. Reducing power consumption and circuit area by approximate calculation is a new design idea proposed by academic circles in recent years, which allows the hardware implementation to abandon the original precise operation rules. The operation structure of light weight circuit is designed to reduce the operation area and power consumption. Multiplication and divider are the most commonly used basic operation circuits. Almost all algorithms are inseparable from multiplication and division operation. The structure of divider can no longer meet the requirement of resource and energy consumption for high efficiency calculation. Therefore, the light weight improvement of traditional multiplier is accomplished independently in this paper, combined with the idea of approximate algorithm. At the same time, the design of lightweight operation circuit based on SRT algorithm is proposed. Firstly, because multiplier and divider are usually implemented by adding shift structure, this paper studies the existing addition operation structure. A lightweight addition operation structure is implemented, which improves the speed of addition operation. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the traditional multiplication operation structure, the traditional 4-2 compressor structure is improved in light weight, which reduces the time consumed by the partial product addition. Third, by analyzing the traditional SRT division operation rules, combining with the characteristics of small delay of carry reserved adder, according to the idea of gradually truncating carry chain, In this paper, a light weight division operation structure is proposed. The design structure of the light weight divider can save resource consumption to the maximum extent and improve the circuit operation speed. Fourth, in order to verify the effect of light weight operation, In this paper, a histogram equalization image enhancement system based on lightweight operation unit is designed and compared with the results of accurate operation. The results show that the lightweight unit can effectively improve the performance of the system, such as speed, area, frequency, power consumption and so on.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN791;TP342.2

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