太阳能光伏系统的自动跟踪式装置

发布时间：2018-03-30 06:16

本文选题：太阳能　切入点：光伏发电　出处：《华东理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文尝试设计了一种基于单片机的太阳能光伏系统的自动跟踪式装置。在光伏发电系统中使用太阳自动跟踪装置能有效提高太阳能的发电量。因此,本文的研究课题对提高光伏发电效率和促进光伏发电的推广应用具有重要的意义。论文首先介绍了太阳能电池的原理和影响输出的因素,接着分别说明了独立光伏系统的各个组成部分,然后介绍了独立光伏发电系统容量的计算方法,使用这种计算方式能使发电系统的能量利用率提高、成本降低。目前光伏发电系统一般都采用固定安装的形式,本文设计的双轴自动跟踪装置以单片机为核心,根据太阳运行规律的数学公式计算出太阳赤纬角和时角,以此为理论依据,装置从时钟芯片中读取当前具体时间,然后通过步进电机驱动芯片使双轴跟踪装置转动相应的角度。一天的东西方向跟踪结束以后,还要通过单片机控制东西向的电机回归初始位置,南北向的电机也要转过计算所得的角度调整位置,使太阳能电池板一年四季始终朝向太阳位置,从而提高光伏系统的发电效率由于本跟踪装置在东西向和南北向都是按照时间均匀转动的,而且转动的角度也是通过数学公式计算出来的理论值,实际太阳的赤纬角和时角随着季节的变化不是均匀的,导致系统长时间运转后跟踪精度会偏移,需要定期进行校正。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to design an automatic tracking device for solar photovoltaic system based on single chip microcomputer. The use of solar automatic tracking device in photovoltaic power generation system can effectively increase the power generation of solar energy. The research topic of this paper is of great significance to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic generation and promote the popularization and application of photovoltaic power generation. This paper first introduces the principle of solar cells and the factors that affect the output, then explains the components of the independent photovoltaic system, and then introduces the calculation method of the capacity of the independent photovoltaic system. By using this method, the energy efficiency of power generation system can be improved and the cost can be reduced. At present, the photovoltaic power generation system generally adopts the fixed installation form. The two-axis automatic tracking device designed in this paper takes single-chip microcomputer as the core, calculates the solar latitude angle and the time angle according to the mathematical formula of the sun's running law, and takes this as the theoretical basis. The device reads the current time from the clock chip, then uses the stepper motor to drive the device to rotate the corresponding angle. After the east-west tracking of the day is over, They also need to control the east-west direction of the motor to return to its initial position through a single chip microcomputer, and the north-south motor will also turn around the calculated angle and adjust its position so that the solar panels are always facing the sun all the year round. So as to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic system. Since the tracking device rotates uniformly in the east-west and south-north directions, and the rotation angle is calculated by mathematical formula, the actual solar latitude angle and the time angle are not uniform with the seasons. As a result, the tracking accuracy of the system will shift after long time operation, which needs to be corrected regularly.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TM914.4;TP368.1

【参考文献】