x86架构CPU中断机制的研究和实现

发布时间：2018-04-06 01:06

本文选题：x86　切入点：中断　出处：《北京交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：伴随着互联网、网络会议、视频点播等电信增值业务的发展,人们渐渐地发展,传统上电信行业RISC服务器独霸天下的格局正在悄悄地发生着改变。电信行业是传统的关键任务行业,电信系统不仅仅每天要处理巨大的信息量,并且电信运营商往往需要业务系统7×24小时的不间断无故障工作,对系统的稳定性要求非常高。这就对构建电信信息网络系统的核心部件——服务器提出了很高的要求——高性能,并且高可靠,故而之前电信行业业务系统平台往往采用RISC架构服务器。近年来多核心x86服务器发展迅猛,在性能上不断提速,几乎与RISC相媲美,又具有可扩展性强、成本低的优点,使x86服务器在电信行业迎来了新的机遇。中国网民、手机网民、宽带网民规模的迅猛增长,电信运营商们带来了新的挑战,也给x86服务器带来了新的机会。2010年,国内三大运营商,中国移动、中国电信和联通都加快了云计算落地的步伐,x86服务器为云计算提供了一种新的解决方案。在以x86为代表的CISC处理器这个市场最大的领域,关于x86处理器的关键技术把握在少数几家外国公司手中,国内的研究却非常之少,且主要集中在以工业控制和嵌入式等为市场的低端处理器方面,全兼容x86处理器的几乎没有。项目以全面兼容x86为目的,设计一个x86小核,我个人的工作是对x86的中断机制做了深入的研究,并给出实现方法和验证数据。论文的主要工作如下： 1、以x86处理器体系结构知识为基础,通过intel、AMD手册相关部分的学习,理解x86CPU中断处理的过程。以x86CPU模拟器bochs为基准,并查阅大量资料,对各个模式下的中断控制转移细节做了详细的介绍和总结。 2、使用verilog HDL,对实模式、保护模式、虚模式、长模式(IA-32e)模式下的中断控制转移以及中断优先级部分给出了RTL级设计。 3、由于时间和精力有限,论文在功能验证方而通过了实模式下的验证。即在启动操作系统的过程中,使用设计的实模式下的中断控制转移模块可以使操作系统过度到保护模式下。保护模式下的增加了许多保护机制,如分页、分段；使中断处理也复杂了很多,验证工作进行了一部分。对中断优先级部分进行了功能仿真。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: with the development of telecom value-added services such as Internet, network conference, video on demand, people are gradually developing, and the traditional pattern of RISC server dominating the world is changing quietly.The telecommunication industry is the traditional key task industry, the telecommunication system not only has to deal with the huge amount of information every day, but also the telecommunication operator often needs the service system 7 脳 24 hours uninterrupted failure free work, the request to the system stability is very high.Therefore, the core component of the telecommunication information network system is the server, which requires high performance and high reliability. Therefore, the service system platform of telecommunication industry usually adopts RISC architecture server.In recent years, multi-core x86 servers have developed rapidly, and the performance of x86 servers has been increasing rapidly, which is almost comparable to that of RISC, and has the advantages of strong expansibility and low cost, which makes x86 servers welcome new opportunities in the telecommunication industry.With the rapid growth of Chinese netizens, mobile phone users and broadband Internet users, telecom operators have brought new challenges and new opportunities to x86 servers. In 2010, China Mobile, the country's top three operators,Both China Telecom and Unicom have stepped up the pace of cloud computing landing and x86 servers provide a new solution for cloud computing.In the market of CISC processor represented by x86, the key technology of x86 processor is held in the hands of a few foreign companies, but the domestic research is very little.And mainly focus on industrial control and embedded as the market for low-end processors, fully compatible x86 processors almost no.The purpose of the project is to fully compatible with x86 and design a small x86 core. My personal work is to do in-depth research on the interrupt mechanism of x86, and give the implementation method and verification data.The main work of the thesis is as follows:1. Based on the knowledge of x86 processor architecture, we understand the process of x86CPU interrupt processing by learning the relevant parts of Intel manual.Taking the x86CPU simulator bochs as the benchmark and consulting a lot of data, the details of interrupt control transfer in each mode are introduced and summarized in detail.2. Verilog is used to design the interrupt control transfer and interrupt priority in real mode, protection mode, virtual mode, long mode and IA-32e mode.3. Due to the limitation of time and energy, the thesis has passed the verification in the real mode.That is, in the process of starting the operating system, using the interrupt control transfer module in the real mode can make the operating system transition to the protective mode.In the protection mode, many protection mechanisms are added, such as paging and segmentation, and the interrupt processing is also complicated, and the verification is part of the work.The interrupt priority part is simulated.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP332

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