基于嵌入式的电动汽车电池管理系统设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-17 06:39

本文选题：电动汽车 + 电池管理系　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着环境保护和能源危机等压力的日益增大,电动汽车因其节能、环保、低噪音和能源来源多样性等特点,逐渐成为汽车工业领域的一个重要组成部分和发展方向。而电动汽车动力电池的电池管理系统作为电动汽车的核心部件,也成为了电动汽车领域的一个研究重点。电池管理系统(Battery Management System, BMS)通过对动力电池总电压、总电流、单体电压、温度和绝缘电阻等物理参数的实时测量以及控制,实现对动力电池的实时监控,为电动汽车稳定安全运行提供保障,同时也是提高动力电池的使用效率和使用寿命的保证。本文分析了国内外电池管理系统的研究现状,详细研究了电池管理系统功能和结构,针对集中式电池管理系统结构上存在的问题,提出了更具有通用性和灵活性的集散式电池管理系统架构,并设计了一款基于嵌入式的电动汽车电池管理系统,实现对电池电荷容量实时准确估计和对电池的安全维护。在硬件上,采用了模块化的设计原则,将电池管理系统的主体结构分为3个部分,即主控部分、高压采集部分和单体电控部分,分别实现主体控制、高压采集和单体采集控制的功能,提高了整体系统的灵活性。对与每个部分功能的实现,论文给出了各个子功能模块的设计与实现。在软件上,采用了层次化和模块化的设计原则,同样将电池管理系统分为3个部分的结构进行设计,并在每个部分的软件设计中实现了层次化管理。针对CAN通信软件设计以及动力电池剩余电荷状态(State of Charge, SOC)的估算算法,采用了3个分离的CAN总线通信的方式,实现电池管理系统内部和外部的通信；采用了多种SOC算法结合的方式,实现对电池SOC的估计。通过实际的测试表明,基于嵌入式的电动汽车电池管理系统的通用性、灵活性、数据采集精度、SOC估算精度、抗干扰能力、安全管理策略以及系统能源消耗等均达到设计标准,并在多家汽车厂家及研究院进行了装车测试,整车运行良好,稳定可靠。
[Abstract]:With the increasing pressure of environmental protection and energy crisis, electric vehicle (EV) has become an important part and development direction of automotive industry because of its characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, low noise and diversity of energy sources.As the core component of electric vehicle, battery management system of electric vehicle power battery has become a research focus in electric vehicle field.Battery management system Battery Management system (BMS) realizes real-time monitoring of power battery through real-time measurement and control of physical parameters such as total voltage, total current, single voltage, temperature and insulation resistance, etc.It provides a guarantee for the stable and safe operation of electric vehicles, and it is also a guarantee to improve the efficiency and service life of power batteries.In this paper, the research status of battery management system at home and abroad is analyzed, and the function and structure of battery management system are studied in detail, aiming at the problems existing in the structure of centralized battery management system.A more versatile and flexible distributed battery management system architecture is proposed, and an embedded battery management system for electric vehicles is designed to estimate the battery charge capacity in real time and accurately and safely maintain the battery.The main structure of the battery management system is divided into three parts: the main control part, the high voltage acquisition part and the single electric control part.The functions of high voltage acquisition and single acquisition control improve the flexibility of the whole system.For the realization of each function, the design and implementation of each sub-function module are given in this paper.In the software, the hierarchical and modular design principles are adopted, the battery management system is also divided into three parts of the structure to design, and in each part of the software design to achieve hierarchical management.Aiming at the design of CAN communication software and the estimation algorithm of the residual charge state of power cell, three separate CAN bus communication methods are adopted to realize the internal and external communication of battery management system.A variety of SOC algorithms are used to realize the estimation of battery SOC.The test results show that the battery management system based on embedded system can meet the design standards, such as generality, flexibility, precision of data acquisition, precision of SOC estimation, anti-jamming ability, safety management strategy and energy consumption of the system.And carried on the loading test in many automobile factories and the research institute, the entire vehicle runs well, the stability is reliable.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP368.1;TP315

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