无纸记录仪验证平台引导加载程序的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-28 18:36

本文选题：引导加载程序 + ARM9　；参考：《华东理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：嵌入式系统开发中通常会涉及到各种各样、形态各异的硬件处理器平台,然而并不存在一个通用的引导加载程序(BootLoader)能够正常工作在所有的处理器硬件平台上,这是由于引导加载程序不具通用性而且完全依赖于特定的硬件平台存在而决定的。引导加载程序作为最底层的软件部分存在,在嵌入式设备正常启动过程中起着非常重要的作用,是必不可少的。因此嵌入式系统设计开发的一个重点就是如何针对不同处理器开发出相应引导加载程序,来确保系统能够正常启动并引导加载操作系统内核和根文件系统。本文的主要工作就是构建项目中嵌入式无纸记录仪VV软件可靠性验证平台的引导加载程序,依据验证平台的具体硬件配置来设计和实现适合它的引导加载程序。通过该引导加载程序可以完成无纸记录仪验证平台硬件环境和软件环境的初始化、引导并加载特定于该平台而裁剪定制的Linux内核代码和相应的根文件系统,以便最终能够成功在验证平台上运行应用层的软件可靠性验证程序。本文中通过对BootLoader研究分析,概述了BootLoader相关的基本概念、框架结构和主要功能,分析了它的启动过程,给出了BootLoader与内核的交互方式,并依据于项目中要求给出了验证平台引导加载程序的软硬件环境的搭建过程,详细的给出了系统交叉编译工具链、NFS网络文件系统、TFTP文件传输协议和串口终端程序的配置过程。本文的主要实现方法是以U-boot这一典型的BootLoader为基础,首先在它的基础上设计并实现具备引导和加载Linux内核、根文件系统功能的最基本的BootLoader,然后逐步增强它的扩展功能来实现更为强大复杂的功能。文中的主要扩展功能主要包括以下几点：首先,验证平台启动时BootLoader能够自动识别平台中Flash类型,即可以判断启动代码是从Nand Flash还是Nor Flash中启动的,增强了系统移植的灵活性；其次,增添了BootLoader对验证平台中DM9000网卡驱动程序的支持,使系统能够通过TFTP网络协议来传输文件,大大提高了平台与宿主机之间传输文件的效率。最后,实现了BootLoader对Yaffs2文件系统镜像文件烧写功能的支持,使系统可以不必再通过JTAG接口来向无纸记录仪验证平台中Flash存储器烧录数据,而是直接通过BootLoader文件相关的操作命令来实现即可。本文最终完成一个可以实现无纸记录仪验证平台硬件和软件环境初始化、引导加载操作系统内核和根文件系统并支持系统启动时自动识别系统Flash类型、支持DM9000网卡芯片和直接烧写Yaffs2文件系统镜像文件的BootLoader。
[Abstract]:Embedded system development usually involves a variety of hardware processor platforms, but there is no universal boot loader that works on all processor hardware platforms. This is due to the fact that the boot loader is not universal and completely dependent on the existence of a particular hardware platform. Bootloader, as the lowest part of software, plays a very important role in the normal startup of embedded devices. Therefore, one of the key points in the design and development of embedded system is how to develop the corresponding boot loader for different processors to ensure that the system can start and boot the operating system kernel and root file system normally. The main work of this paper is to construct the boot loader of VV software reliability verification platform in the project, and to design and implement the boot loading program suitable for VV software reliability verification platform according to the specific hardware configuration of the verification platform. Through the bootloader, we can initialize the hardware and software environment of the paperless recorder verification platform, boot and load the customized Linux kernel code and the corresponding root file system. Finally, the software reliability verification program of application layer can be successfully run on the verification platform. Through the research and analysis of BootLoader, this paper summarizes the basic concepts, framework structure and main functions of BootLoader, analyzes its startup process, and gives the way of interaction between BootLoader and kernel. According to the requirements of the project, the software and hardware environment of the boot loading program of the verification platform is built, and the configuration process of the system cross-compiling tool chain NFS network file system TFTP file transfer protocol and serial port terminal program is given in detail. The main implementation method of this paper is based on U-boot, which is a typical BootLoader. Firstly, we design and implement a boot and load Linux kernel based on U-boot. Root file system features the most basic Boot Loader. then step by step enhance its extended function to achieve more powerful and complex functions. The main functions of this paper include the following: firstly, the BootLoader can automatically identify the Flash type in the platform when the platform starts, that is to say, it can judge whether the startup code is started from Nand Flash or Nor Flash, which enhances the flexibility of system migration; Secondly, the support of BootLoader to the DM9000 network card driver in the verification platform is added, which enables the system to transfer files through the TFTP network protocol, and greatly improves the efficiency of file transfer between the platform and the host computer. Finally, the support of BootLoader to the Yaffs2 file system image file burning function is realized, so that the system can burn the data to the Flash memory in the paperless recorder verification platform without the need of the JTAG interface. But directly through the BootLoader file related to the operation command to achieve. In this paper, we can realize the initialization of hardware and software environment of paperless recorder verification platform, boot and load the operating system kernel and root file system, and support the automatic recognition of system Flash type when the system starts. Support DM9000 network card chip and directly burn Yaffs2 file system image file Boot Loader.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP368.1

【参考文献】