嵌入式Linux系统驱动研究与开发

发布时间：2018-05-20 02:34

本文选题：嵌入式 + 智能系统　；参考：《中国地震局工程力学研究所》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着电子技术和信息技术的飞速发展，层出不穷的微型处理器和配套的硬件产品应用到信息采集处理领域。这使得数据采集处理系统正朝向智能、多功能、交互、实时以及低功耗等方向发展。在地震的数据采集领域，采集器需要准确、可靠地记录数据，并能将得到的数据进行初步的处理。同时可通过网络将数据发送到地震网络中心，以便进一步处理和后续的地震研究分析。新型的地震采集仪要求与传感器组成一个系统节点，能够通过远程控制进行传感器的自检以及调零等工作。现在飞速发展的嵌入式技术能够满足这些功能需求，因此嵌入式智能化成为地震数据采集等仪器的发展方向。我国地域广阔，地震多发地区较多，地震台网分布复杂。各个台站安装的地震仪器型号各不相同，为了将不同型号的仪器连入地震网络中，实现地震数据资源共享，并且防止由于部分仪器损坏而造成整个系统停止工作的情况出现，地震数据采集应采用模块化设计。同时模块化也有利于功能的扩展。为实现上述目标，应采用模块化嵌入式技术进行智能地震数据采集器设计。在目前的嵌入式系统中，Linux系统是成熟的开源系统，其具有模块化的设计、比较良好的实时性以及优良的网络支持等特性，能够很好地满足地震数据采集仪器设计的需求，并能有效的使地震系统组成一个稳定的地震监测网络，及时有效获取地震信息，为地震快速预警提供数据支持。因此本文根据地震仪器研究需要，进行了嵌入式Linux系统的设备驱动开发研究[23]。目前地震领域的数据采集仪器通常采用单核处理系统设计，外围设备有限，处理速度慢，不具有网络传输功能，不能满足目前地震速报的需求。根据现代地震速报系统的要求以及未来地震网络发展的需求，ARM+DSP的双核体系结构是现在地震数据采集的发展方向。因此，本文利用了S3C6410开发平台进行采集仪ARM部分的开发研究。该平台具有外设资源丰富，处理快速等特点，能满足采集器的开发需求。本文在简单介绍了嵌入式Linux操作系统的基础上，详细说明了嵌入式Linux系统设备驱动开发过程。设备驱动程序是支持嵌入式系统设备运行“灵魂”，同时对于不断涌现的新硬件来说，驱动程序的开发也是一件有意义的工作。本文着重介绍Linux驱动模块的开发过程，并阐述了驱动开发思想。根据地震数据采集仪开发需求，详细分析了Linux系统中的字符设备驱动开发过程，深入研究了DMA驱动程序开发及应用方法，以实现快速的数据传输。在按键驱动设计中，为了防止按键的误触发，，本文设计了去抖动按键驱动，修改并配置DMA，将其应用在串口数据传输中，提高处理器的效率，结合这些驱动开发，详述了驱动开发过程。最后总结了主要的研究内容和几个创新点，并指出目前存在的不足，对进一步研究的内容和方向做了展望。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of electronic technology and information technology, microprocessors and supporting hardware products are used in the field of information collection and processing. This makes the data acquisition and processing system developing towards intelligence, multifunction, interaction, real-time and low power consumption. In the field of seismic data acquisition, the collector needs to record the data accurately and reliably, and can process the obtained data preliminarily. At the same time, the data can be sent to the center of the seismic network through the network for further processing and subsequent seismic research and analysis. A new type of seismograph is required to form a system node with the sensor, which can carry out the self-examination and zero adjustment of the sensor through remote control. Nowadays, embedded technology can meet these functional requirements, so embedded intelligence has become the development direction of seismic data acquisition and other instruments. There are many earthquake-prone areas in China, and the distribution of seismic network is complex. The types of seismic instruments installed at different stations are different. In order to connect different types of instruments into the seismic network, to realize the sharing of seismic data resources, and to prevent the whole system from stopping work due to the damage of some of the instruments, The modular design should be adopted for seismic data acquisition. At the same time, modularization is also beneficial to the expansion of functions. In order to achieve the above goal, the modular embedded technology should be used to design the intelligent seismic data acquisition device. Linux system is a mature open source system in the embedded system at present. It has the characteristics of modularized design, good real-time performance and excellent network support, which can meet the requirements of seismic data acquisition instrument design. And it can effectively make the seismic system form a stable seismic monitoring network, obtain seismic information in time and effectively, and provide data support for rapid earthquake warning. Therefore, according to the need of seismograph research, this paper studies the device driver development of embedded Linux system [23]. At present, the data acquisition instruments in seismic field are usually designed by single core processing system. The peripheral equipment is limited, the processing speed is slow, and the data acquisition instrument does not have the function of network transmission, so it can not meet the needs of earthquake rapid reporting at present. According to the requirements of the modern earthquake reporting system and the development of seismic network in the future, the dual-core architecture of arm DSP is the development direction of seismic data acquisition. Therefore, this paper uses the S3C6410 development platform to develop the ARM part of the collector. The platform has the characteristics of rich peripheral resources, fast processing, and can meet the development needs of the collector. Based on the introduction of embedded Linux operating system, this paper describes the development process of embedded Linux system device driver in detail. Device driver is the "soul" to support embedded system device running, at the same time, the development of driver is also a meaningful work for the emerging new hardware. This paper mainly introduces the development process of Linux driver module, and expounds the idea of driver development. According to the development requirement of seismic data acquisition instrument, the development process of character device driver in Linux system is analyzed in detail, and the development and application method of DMA driver program are deeply studied in order to realize fast data transmission. In the design of keystroke driver, in order to prevent the keystroke from triggering by mistake, this paper designs the dejitter keystroke driver, modifies and configures DMAs, and applies them to serial port data transmission to improve the efficiency of the processor. The driving development process is described in detail. Finally, the main research contents and several innovations are summarized, and the shortcomings are pointed out, and the further research contents and directions are prospected.
【学位授予单位】：中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP368.1;TP316.81

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