基于嵌入式和现场总线技术的钻井模拟器分布式控制系统
发布时间：2018-08-02 11:27
【摘要】：石油工业是一种技术密集型行业，钻井作业是石油工业拿储量、上产能的重要手段之一。由于石油钻井生产条件的限制和井下情况的复杂性，使石油钻井生产存在极大的风险。为了获得更好生产效率和经济效益，减少人为事故的发生，对钻井现场操作人员和工程技术人员的技术技能培训就显得十分重要。而对钻井关键岗位，比如司钻、队长等的技术技能培训更是所有培训中的重中之重。 钻井模拟器是为了培训考核钻井司钻及钻井工程技术人员而产生的。传统的培训考核方法主要依赖于现场操作，这往往会以一口或几口井停产的代价来进行。由于无法正常、连续地进行钻井生产，造成人力、物力、财力和设备的浪费。特别是在培训考核期间，由于操作者操作技术水平的差异，环境气氛、对设备的熟悉程度等因素的影响，操作者容易紧张出现操作不当和误操作，发生地面和井下事故，，造成极大的经济损失。因此，在现场培训考核既不经济，也难以保证人身和设备的安全。 而通过仿真系统对钻井工人进行技能培训，不受客观条件限制，且极大的降低了误操作带来的风险，因此模拟系统首先要在操作机构上和室外设备相同，不过在操作机构的内部，要设计一套分布式控制系统，对学员的各项操作进行数据采集和分析，最终在流程上模拟出室外的实际操作效果。 本文在上述研究背景下首先对目前嵌入式系统各类型处理器的性能和适用范围进行比较，对目前常用的现场总线通信技术进行对比，在此基础上设计了一种采用嵌入式处理器和现场总线技术的分布式控制系统方案，并最终实现并应用到钻井模拟器系统中，并通过在软硬件开发中采取特殊措施，实现了对系统知识产权的保护。
[Abstract]:Oil industry is a kind of technology-intensive industry, drilling is one of the important means for oil industry to take reserves and increase production capacity. Because of the limitation of oil drilling production conditions and the complexity of downhole conditions, there are great risks in oil drilling production. In order to obtain better production efficiency and economic benefit and reduce the occurrence of man-made accidents, it is very important to train the technical skills of drilling site operators and engineers. Technical skills training for key drilling positions, such as drillers and captains, is a top priority in all training. Drilling simulators are created to train and assess drilling drillers and drilling engineering technicians. The traditional training assessment method mainly depends on the field operation, which is often carried out at the cost of one or more wells. Due to the failure to carry out drilling production continuously, the waste of manpower, material resources, financial resources and equipment is caused. Especially during the period of training and examination, due to the difference of the operator's operating technology level, the environmental atmosphere, the familiarity of the equipment and other factors, the operator is prone to appear improper operation and misoperation easily, resulting in ground and underground accidents. Cause great economic losses. Therefore, it is neither economical nor difficult to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment in the field training and examination. The simulation system is not limited by objective conditions, and greatly reduces the risk of misoperation. Therefore, the simulation system must be the same as outdoor equipment in the operation mechanism. However, a distributed control system should be designed to collect and analyze the data of each operation of the cadets, and finally to simulate the actual operation effect outside in the process. Based on the above research background, this paper first compares the performance and applicable range of various types of processors in embedded system, and compares the field bus communication technology commonly used at present. On this basis, a distributed control system based on embedded processor and fieldbus technology is designed, which is finally implemented and applied to drilling simulator system, and special measures are taken in the development of software and hardware. The protection of system intellectual property is realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TE928;TP368.1
本文编号：2159286
[Abstract]:Oil industry is a kind of technology-intensive industry, drilling is one of the important means for oil industry to take reserves and increase production capacity. Because of the limitation of oil drilling production conditions and the complexity of downhole conditions, there are great risks in oil drilling production. In order to obtain better production efficiency and economic benefit and reduce the occurrence of man-made accidents, it is very important to train the technical skills of drilling site operators and engineers. Technical skills training for key drilling positions, such as drillers and captains, is a top priority in all training. Drilling simulators are created to train and assess drilling drillers and drilling engineering technicians. The traditional training assessment method mainly depends on the field operation, which is often carried out at the cost of one or more wells. Due to the failure to carry out drilling production continuously, the waste of manpower, material resources, financial resources and equipment is caused. Especially during the period of training and examination, due to the difference of the operator's operating technology level, the environmental atmosphere, the familiarity of the equipment and other factors, the operator is prone to appear improper operation and misoperation easily, resulting in ground and underground accidents. Cause great economic losses. Therefore, it is neither economical nor difficult to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment in the field training and examination. The simulation system is not limited by objective conditions, and greatly reduces the risk of misoperation. Therefore, the simulation system must be the same as outdoor equipment in the operation mechanism. However, a distributed control system should be designed to collect and analyze the data of each operation of the cadets, and finally to simulate the actual operation effect outside in the process. Based on the above research background, this paper first compares the performance and applicable range of various types of processors in embedded system, and compares the field bus communication technology commonly used at present. On this basis, a distributed control system based on embedded processor and fieldbus technology is designed, which is finally implemented and applied to drilling simulator system, and special measures are taken in the development of software and hardware. The protection of system intellectual property is realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TE928;TP368.1
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本文编号：2159286
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