基于AVR单片机的电力变压器试验自动测试装置的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-08-05 14:42

【摘要】：目前国内很多变压器生产厂家和电力公司进行电力变压器试验时，通常采用使用模拟仪表（电压表、电流表、功率表）手动操作、人工读数的传统方法，但是人工控制电流档位切换以及升压与降压操作、人工读表的试验方式不可避免地存在着控制失当和读数误差等人为错误，且模拟仪表接线复杂、读数困难、记录不方便。有一些企业使用了基于计算机的电力变压器试验测试系统，但是由于这些系统存在着诸如使用的设备相对落后、测试的项目比较单一、测试的自动化程度不高等问题，，已经难以满足当前发展的需要。另外，计算机测试系统还有着体积庞大、成本较高的缺点。因此，为满足当前对电力变压器试验测试的需求，研制一套高精度、自动化程度高、价格较低的电力变压器自动测试系统具有很好的实际意义。本文在研究了电力变压器试验（主要是空载试验和负载试验）的基础上，提出了一款基于AVR单片机的电力变压器试验自动测试装置的整体设计方案并进行实现。该装置采用高速、高精度的A/D转换芯片MAX1320，并以AVR单片机ATmega128为核心，能够实现空载试验和负载试验的自动测试，提高了效率，避免了人为误差，并且具有查看（打印、传输）试验结果、查看（打印、传输）历史数据、参数设置等功能。本文首先给出这款电力变压器试验自动测试装置硬件的整体结构，在此基础上，选择能够实现本装置功能的电路模块，包括：数据采集电路、MCU主电路、通信接口电路、测试控制电路、以及液晶显示电路。其次，详细论述了各电路部件的具体情况、模块间的接口电路，运用Protel软件平台绘制了完整的原理图和印制版图。最后，运用C语言开发出该装置的程序，实现装置的各种功能。本文设计的基于AVR单片机的电力变压器试验自动测试装置，具有较强的可扩展性和灵活性，而且效率高、低误差、操作简便、体积小、成本低。该装置已在实验室中通过检验，并在现场使用中情况良好。
[Abstract]:At present, when many domestic transformer manufacturers and power companies conduct power transformer tests, they usually adopt the traditional method of manual operation and manual reading using analog instruments (voltmeters, ammeters, power meters). But the manual control current shift switch and the operation of booster and depressurization, the artificial error of control and reading error inevitably exist in the test mode of manual reading meter, and the wiring of analog instrument is complicated, the reading is difficult, and the recording is not convenient. Some enterprises use computer-based power transformer test and test systems, but because of these systems, such as the equipment used is relatively backward, the test items are relatively single, the degree of test automation is not high, and so on. It is already difficult to meet the needs of current development. In addition, the computer test system also has the huge volume, the high cost shortcoming. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of power transformer test and test, it is of great practical significance to develop an automatic test system for power transformer with high precision, high automation and low price. Based on the research of power transformer test (mainly no-load test and load test), this paper puts forward a whole design scheme of power transformer test automatic test device based on AVR single chip computer and realizes it. The device adopts high speed and high precision A / D conversion chip MAX1320, and takes AVR single chip computer ATmega128 as the core. It can realize the automatic test of no-load test and load test, improve the efficiency, avoid human error, and can be viewed (printed). Transmission) test results, view (print, transfer) history data, parameter settings and other functions. In this paper, the overall structure of the hardware of the power transformer test automatic test device is given. On this basis, the circuit modules that can realize the function of the device are selected, including: data acquisition circuit, MCU main circuit, communication interface circuit, and so on. Test the control circuit and LCD display circuit. Secondly, the specific situation of each circuit component and the interface circuit between modules are discussed in detail. The complete schematic diagram and printed layout are drawn by using Protel software platform. Finally, the program of the device is developed by using C language, and various functions of the device are realized. The power transformer test automatic test device based on AVR microcontroller has strong expansibility and flexibility, high efficiency, low error, simple operation, small volume and low cost. The device has passed the test in the laboratory and is in good condition in the field.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TM41;TP368.12

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