实时微处理器体系结构综述

发布时间：2018-08-06 17:10

【摘要】：实时应用已经成为嵌入式应用中一类快速崛起的典型应用。作为实时系统的核心部件,实时微处理器体系结构是微处理器领域的一个重要研究方向。与通用处理器追求最大吞吐量不同,实时处理器要求具有紧凑且可计算的最坏执行时间。传统的实时处理器往往采用较为简单的处理器结构,避免复杂结构引入执行时间的不确定性。随着实时应用对处理器性能需求越来越高,实时处理器正逐渐向多线程与多核结构发展。在多线程与多核处理器中,共享资源竞争导致实时系统的确定性变差,对实时处理器体系结构带来了更大挑战。对实时微处理器体系结构进行综述,首先从指令集、微体系结构、存储、I/O、任务调度等多个方面对传统实时处理器进行分析;然后分别对采用多线程与多核结构的高性能实时处理器展开分析;最后对几种商用实时处理器结构进行比较,总结实时处理器发展现状与未来发展趋势。
[Abstract]:Real-time application has become a typical application in embedded application. As the core component of real-time system, real-time microprocessor architecture is an important research direction in microprocessor field. Unlike universal processors, real-time processors require compact and computable worst-case execution times. Traditional real-time processors often use simpler processor structures to avoid the uncertainty of execution time introduced by complex structures. With the increasing demand of real-time applications for processor performance, real-time processors are gradually moving towards multi-thread and multi-core architecture. In multithreading and multi-core processors, the competition of shared resources leads to the deterioration of the determinacy of real-time systems, which poses a greater challenge to the architecture of real-time processors. The architecture of real-time microprocessor is reviewed. Firstly, the traditional real-time processor is analyzed from instruction set, micro-architecture, storage I / O, task scheduling and so on. Then, the high performance real-time processors with multi-thread and multi-core architecture are analyzed respectively. Finally, several commercial real-time processor architectures are compared, and the development status and future trend of real-time processors are summarized.
【作者单位】：国防科学技术大学计算机学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61402497,61202481,61202123,61202122)
【分类号】：TP332

【共引文献】