基于PIC单片机的海洋温度数据记录器的研制

发布时间：2018-09-13 06:00

【摘要】：海洋仪器设备是人类认识海洋、开发利用海洋资源和保护海洋环境的重要物质基础。今天，海洋技术和海洋仪器设备已经成为衡量国家综合国力和科学技术水平的重要标志。在海洋监测的所有要素中，海水温度是海洋水文状况中最重要的因子之一。研究海水温度的时空分布及变化规律，不仅是海洋学的重要内容，而且对气象、航海、捕捞业和水声等学科的发展也具有重要意义。但是，由于海洋环境复杂恶劣且存在许多不确定因素，导致海洋温度数据记录器的布放和回收周期长且成本高。因此，在对海洋温度数据记录器的设计过程中要慎重考虑低功耗问题，，从而使仪器能够长时间稳定地工作。论文详细介绍了基于PIC单片机的海洋温度数据记录器各个模块的实现方案，其中包括主控芯片、数据采集模块、时钟模块、存储模块、串口通信模块和电源模块六个部分。从温度数据记录器的温度检测原理入手，介绍了温度传感器的选型及热敏电阻的常用的参数；又介绍了温度数据记录器各个模块中所用要主要芯片的性能及时序图；通过状态机的原理对系统的总体结构进行编程，接下来分别对每个模块进行软件设计，尤其是对时钟模块的闹钟功能进行配置和PIC单片机的低功耗设计。通过对实验室环境下采集的数据进行分析，找出测量值与理想值之间误差的原因，对海洋温度数据记录器的硬件做进一步优化。并测试仪器的稳定性，当稳定性达到要求后，用S－H方程对仪器的精度进行标定。所有设计完成之后，通过东方红2号科学考察船到南中国海的外海试验，对采集到的数据进行分析，进一步测定仪器的长期稳定性、可靠性和一致性。文章最后对全文做出总结，并对一下步设计工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Marine instruments and equipment are the important material basis for human beings to understand the ocean, develop and utilize marine resources and protect the marine environment. Today, marine technology and marine instruments have become an important symbol of national comprehensive national strength and scientific and technological level. Among all the elements of ocean monitoring, seawater temperature is one of the most important factors in marine hydrology. It is not only an important part of oceanography to study the temporal and spatial distribution and variation of sea water temperature, but also of great significance to the development of meteorology, navigation, fishing and underwater acoustics. However, due to the complexity of marine environment and the existence of many uncertain factors, the placement and recovery period of marine temperature data recorder is long and the cost is high. Therefore, the low power consumption should be carefully considered in the design of ocean temperature data recorder, so that the instrument can work stably for a long time. This paper introduces the realization of each module of ocean temperature data recorder based on PIC microcontroller in detail, which includes six parts: main control chip, data acquisition module, clock module, storage module, serial communication module and power supply module. Starting with the principle of temperature detection of temperature data recorder, the selection of temperature sensor and the common parameters of thermistor are introduced, and the performance and timing diagram of main chips used in each module of temperature data recorder are also introduced. The overall structure of the system is programmed by the principle of state machine. Then the software of each module is designed, especially the alarm clock function of the clock module and the low-power design of the PIC microcontroller. Through the analysis of the data collected in the laboratory environment, the reason of the error between the measured value and the ideal value is found out, and the hardware of the marine temperature data recorder is further optimized. The stability of the instrument is tested and the accuracy of the instrument is calibrated by S-H equation when the stability is up to the requirement. After all the designs are completed, the data collected are analyzed through the experiment of Dongfanghong No. 2 scientific research vessel to the South China Sea, and the long-term stability, reliability and consistency of the instrument are further determined. At the end of the article, the paper summarizes the whole paper and looks forward to the next step design work.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP216.2;TP368.1

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