超短基线水声定位系统应答器设计

发布时间：2018-09-14 13:58

【摘要】：超短基线水声定位系统利用水声通信和水声定位技术完成海底地震勘探电缆的测量与二次定位，具有声换能器基阵尺寸小、可移动定位、布放和安装方便等优点，广泛应用于浅海的油气资源勘探中。水声应答器是超短基线定位系统的水下应答部件，固定于海底勘探电缆上并为定位系统提供测量数据，应答定位信号。本课题针对国内水声定位系统在浅海石油勘探中定位距离短、无法多目标定位等局限性，设计并实现了一种以MSP430单片机为主控制器、数字信号处理器为协处理器的新型水声应答器。系统硬件在器件选型、值守电路选用、功放效率、电源管理等多方面进行了低功耗设计，降低了应答器水下待机功耗；对水下低信噪比的微弱信号拾取做了详细分析与板级处理，增强了应答器抗干扰能力；采用了16位高性能、低功耗的C5000系列数字信号处理器作为水声扩频通信的协处理器，为算法实现提供了可靠的运算平台；应答器通信方式为Gold码直接序列扩频，提高了水下抗多径、抗衰减能力，同时，正交扩频编码的使得定位系统可同时解算多个应答信号，，实现了多目标定位功能。通过MATLAB仿真、消声水池和湖泊的实际测试，结果表明该应答器性能稳定可靠，待机静态工作电流小于5mA，实现了30米下潜深度、1500米作用距离的大仰角多目标应答器同时应答与定位，达到了预期设计指标。
[Abstract]:The ultra-short baseline underwater acoustic positioning system uses underwater acoustic communication and underwater acoustic positioning technology to complete the measurement and secondary positioning of submarine seismic exploration cables. It has the advantages of small size of acoustic transducer array, movable positioning, easy placement and installation, etc. Widely used in shallow water oil and gas resources exploration. Acoustic transponder is an underwater response unit of an ultrashort baseline positioning system. It is fixed on the submarine exploration cable and provides measurement data for the positioning system to respond to the positioning signal. In view of the limitation of domestic underwater acoustic positioning system in shallow water oil exploration, such as short positioning distance and unable to locate multi-target, a MSP430 single chip microcomputer is designed and implemented. Digital signal processor is a new type of underwater acoustic transponder for coprocessor. The hardware of the system is designed in many aspects, such as device selection, duty circuit selection, power amplifier efficiency, power management and so on, which can reduce the power consumption of the transponder underwater standby. The weak signal pickup of low SNR under water is analyzed in detail and processed at board level, which enhances the anti-jamming ability of transponder, and uses 16-bit high performance, low power consumption C5000 series digital signal processor as coprocessor for underwater acoustic spread spectrum communication. The communication mode of transponder is Gold code direct sequence spread spectrum, which improves the underwater anti-multipath and anti-attenuation ability. At the same time, the orthogonal spread spectrum coding enables the positioning system to solve multiple response signals simultaneously. The function of multi-target positioning is realized. Through the MATLAB simulation, the practical test of the anechoic tank and lake shows that the transponder is stable and reliable. The standby static working current is less than 5 Ma, which realizes the simultaneous response and positioning of the large elevation multi-target transponder with the action distance of 1500m and 30 meters dive depth, and achieves the expected design target.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP368.1;TN912.3

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