基于嵌入式Linux的图形牙花加工控制系统的设计

发布时间：2018-10-12 14:12

【摘要】：五金行业是我国国民经济的重要行业之一，作为五金行业重要成员之一的锁具加工行业，其发展尤为迅速。锁具制造设备是加工机械锁具的关键，有了先进的设备才能生产出优质产品。发展迅速了需求量自然也就提高了，很明显传统的手工拨号编码已经满足不了要求。随着计算机技术、电子技术和机械加工技术的不断发展，使牙花加工从传统的手工拨号编码、靠模控制演变为计算机自动编码、数字控制，实现钥匙牙花加工的高精度、高密钥率、高效率。随着嵌入式技术的蓬勃发展，嵌入式Linux系统已经被广泛应用于数控系统中了。嵌入式系统的硬件芯片不断集成化，集成的外设越来越多，功能也越来越强大，使处理器的可靠性和应用水平越来越高，，而且功耗也很低，这些都使嵌入式系统很好的适应了数控系统越来越高的要求，对于运行的实时性、缩短数控系统开发周期、增加数控系统灵活度等方面具有极大的优势。本课题的目的在于设计一套可以根据上位机产生的编码数据实现钥匙图形牙花加工的控制系统。本文主要包含以下几个部分，首先，本文分析了课题研究的背景和意义以及数控加工系统在国内外发展现状和趋势，另外还介绍了数控系统中的一些技术。其次，本文重点描述了整个系统的实现过程，分为硬件和软件两方面，硬件平台选用的是TQ2440开发板，并对系统使用到的外设原理图及其用法用途进行介绍。软件方面包括PC端上位机软件和下位机系统构建，其中上位机软件主要介绍了牙花编码的生成和筛选算法，数据库操作方法，另外还介绍了如何实时显示下位机系统正在加工的图形牙花以及所用G代码；下位机系统构建过程分为U-boot引导，Linux内核裁剪，yaffs2文件系统构建，以及系统成功启动后相关外设驱动程序的设计和应用程序的编写，外设驱动程序包括LED驱动、按键驱动、Nand Flash驱动、串口驱动和电机驱动等，应用程序中重点介绍了根据牙花编码勾勒出图形并转化为G代码的算法流程。最后，是对整个系统进行了相关测试，主要测试了系统各个模块的实现过程以及结果是否达到预期目标，同时论文的结尾还对全部工作进行了总结，评估和分析了系统中存在的一些问题，提出整个系统的可完善之处，并展望了系统将来的功能以及它的应用前景。经过实践证明，本设计基本实现了预定功能，达到了预期设计目标，创新性的把新技术应用到了实际生产中，有一定的社会意义和实践意义。
[Abstract]:The hardware industry is one of the important industries of our national economy. As one of the important members of the hardware industry, the lock processing industry is developing rapidly. Lock manufacturing equipment is the key of processing machinery lock, with advanced equipment to produce high-quality products. With the rapid development of the demand, it is obvious that the traditional manual dial-up code can not meet the requirements. With the continuous development of computer technology, electronic technology and machining technology, the tooth flower processing has changed from the traditional manual dial-up code to the computer automatic coding, digital control, so as to realize the high precision of the key tooth flower processing. High key rate, high efficiency. With the rapid development of embedded technology, embedded Linux system has been widely used in CNC system. The embedded system's hardware chip is continuously integrated, the integrated peripherals are more and more, the function is more and more powerful, make the processor's reliability and the application level more and more high, and the power consumption is also very low. All these make the embedded system adapt to the higher and higher requirements of the CNC system. It has great advantages in real-time running, shortening the development period of the CNC system, increasing the flexibility of the CNC system, and so on. The purpose of this paper is to design a control system which can realize the key pattern processing according to the coding data generated by the upper computer. This paper mainly includes the following parts. Firstly, this paper analyzes the background and significance of the research, the development status and trend of NC machining system at home and abroad, and also introduces some technologies in CNC system. Secondly, this paper mainly describes the implementation process of the whole system, which is divided into two aspects: hardware and software. The hardware platform is TQ2440 development board, and the schematic diagram of the peripheral equipment and its usage are introduced. The software includes the software of PC terminal and the system of lower computer, in which the software of upper computer mainly introduces the generation and screening algorithm of tooth flower coding, the method of database operation. In addition, it also introduces how to display in real time the graphics and teeth which are being processed by the lower computer system and the G code used. The construction process of the lower computer system is divided into U-boot, Linux kernel clipping, yaffs2 file system construction. And the design of the peripheral driver and the programming of the application program after the successful startup of the system. The peripheral driver includes the LED driver, the keystroke driver, Nand Flash driver, the serial port driver and the motor driver, etc. In the application program, the algorithm flow of drawing out the graph according to the tooth flower coding and converting it into G code is introduced. Finally, the whole system is tested, mainly testing the implementation process of each module of the system and whether the results reach the desired goal. At the end of the paper, all the work is summarized. This paper evaluates and analyzes some problems existing in the system, puts forward the perfection of the whole system, and looks forward to the future function of the system and its application prospect. It has been proved by practice that the design has basically realized the predefined function and achieved the expected design goal. The innovative application of the new technology to the actual production has certain social and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP368.1;TG659

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