KVM虚拟机串口转发器的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-10-14 17:22

【摘要】：近些年，随着虚拟化热门技术的发展，硬件能力的不断升级，加上虚拟化技术在X86架构上技术的突破，虚拟化技术的研究与应用变得越来越广泛。特别是在KVM虚拟机被Linux内核接纳后，随着Intel VT-d技术的推出，处理器虚拟化、内存虚拟化、I/O设备虚拟化三种机制在同一个水平上得到了提升，，使得I/O性能能够满足处理器发展的需求，为整个虚拟化技术的发展带了突破。 Intel VT-d技术是指在处理器芯片级对虚拟化提供了硬件支持。该技术的引入推动和加快了虚拟化研究机构对新的虚拟I/O模型的探讨和研究。KVM虚拟机的开源性进一步提升了VT-d技术中I/O模型的发展，使得更多的爱好者和研究者参与到KVM的核心技术中。I/O虚拟化作为虚拟化的重要组成部分，由于I/O设备种类繁多、驱动纷繁复杂，在整个虚拟化系统中处于瓶颈状态。在高效率使用CPU和内存的现实环境驱动下，如何加强I/O虚拟化在虚拟化过程中的性能成为虚拟化技术研究的热门话题。本课题依托Intel VT-d技术，结合虚拟化技术与Intel多核技术项目，在KVM虚拟机上实现一种简单稳定的串口调度解决方案。该方案利用硬件辅助虚拟化技术，并结合串口工作原理和DMA重映射技术，针对串口个数的有限性和串口的可重用性，扩展外设串口的使用；通过介绍串口及KVM虚拟机，提出了一种基于KVM虚拟机的串口转发器的设计方法，能够让一个串口同时能为虚拟机上的不同系统提供物理上的串口服务，实验表明：同一个物理串口能够并发的、让用户有选择的为不同的虚拟系统服务，解决了物理串口外设有限性的难题。同时也为I/O虚拟化技术的瓶颈难题和真实物理设备重复使用提供了思考方向。本文的主要创新点和意义所在：研究了基于Linux KVM内核虚拟机上的VT-d技术；将硬件辅助虚拟化技术应用到串口设备上；提出了基于KVM虚拟机上串口可调度使用的解决方案；为更多的外设可调度使用提供了一种基本模式。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of popular virtualization technology, the continuous upgrading of hardware capability, and the breakthrough of virtualization technology in X86 architecture, the research and application of virtualization technology become more and more extensive. Especially after the KVM virtual machine was accepted by the Linux kernel, with the introduction of Intel VT-d technology, processor virtualization, memory virtualization and I / O device virtualization have been promoted at the same level. So that I / O performance can meet the needs of processor development, and make a breakthrough for the development of the whole virtualization technology. Intel VT-d technology is to provide hardware support for virtualization at the processor chip level. The introduction of this technology has promoted and accelerated the research on the new virtual I / O model in virtualization research institutes. The open source of KVM virtual machine has further promoted the development of I / O model in VT-d technology. As an important part of virtualization, I / O virtualization is a bottleneck in the whole virtualization system because of the variety of I / O devices and the complexity of drivers. How to enhance the performance of I / O virtualization in the process of virtualization has become a hot topic in the research of virtualization technology under the real environment driven by efficient use of CPU and memory. Based on Intel VT-d technology, combining virtualization technology with Intel multi-technology project, this paper implements a simple and stable serial port scheduling solution on KVM virtual machine. This scheme uses hardware assisted virtualization technology, combined with serial port working principle and DMA remapping technology, aiming at the limitation of serial port number and the reusability of serial port, it extends the use of peripheral serial port, and introduces serial port and KVM virtual machine. This paper presents a design method of serial port transponder based on KVM virtual machine, which can make a serial port provide physical serial port service for different systems on virtual machine at the same time. The experiment shows that the same physical serial port can be concurrent. Users can choose to serve different virtual systems and solve the problem of limited physical serial port peripherals. At the same time, it also provides a way to think about the bottleneck of I / O virtualization technology and the reuse of real physical devices. The main innovation and significance of this paper are as follows: the VT-d technology based on Linux KVM kernel virtual machine is studied, the hardware aided virtualization technology is applied to serial port device, the solution of serial port schedulability based on KVM virtual machine is put forward. Provides a basic mode for more peripherals to be schedulable.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP302

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