嵌入式数控雕刻机控制软件设计与实现

发布时间：2018-11-17 16:22

【摘要】：数控雕刻机是一种典型的机电一体化产品，随着社会的不断发展，数字控制的雕刻技术在雕刻行业得到了广泛的应用。电机控制的流畅性是评价一套数控系统是否优良的重要标准。作为控制电机系统的软件，其设计上的合理性直接影响到电机的运行状态。本文采用嵌入式技术，研究和设计了一套数控雕刻机控制系统的控制软件。本文首先分析了国内外嵌入式数控雕刻机和软件架构的发展现状，，在此基础上阐述了嵌入式软件开发的相关技术理论，包括嵌入式软件开发的特点、流程和设计方法，以及嵌入式系统的软件层结构和软件架构的概念模型。其次，根据控制系统的功能要求，设计了控制系统的方案。通过插补算法和速度控制算法完成了雕刻机的轨迹控制，在插补算法中采用了以数字积分插补法和时间分割插补法为基础的一种改进的插补算法。在速度控制算法中对速度进行了整体规划后，采用了指数型加减速曲线控制方法来对数控雕刻机的加减速进行控制。然后搭建了以ARM9为主控芯片的硬件平台并设计了相关的硬件电路。根据嵌入式操作系统的特点和本控制系统的要求，选择了Windows CE嵌入式操作系统，并对该操作系统进行了性能分析和系统移植。最后用基于UML面向对象的分析方法对控制软件进行了分析，并建立了各种视图，如用例图、协作图和状态图等，在此基础上设计了应用程序的总体结构、主流程和图形界面。然后根据Windows CE操作系统进程和线程的特点，设计了应用程序的线程架构。最终设计和实现了数控雕刻机的控制软件。数控雕刻机的控制系统具有比较完善的雕刻加工功能，在设计的控制软件下，数控雕刻机在加工过程中，速度变化平稳，加工质量也比较理想。实现了一套适用于数控雕刻机控制系统的控制软件，在加工效率、加工质量等方面都达到了设计的要求。与本控制软件配套的数控雕刻机已经小批量生产且应用到了实际的加工中。
[Abstract]:Numerical control engraving machine is a typical mechatronics product. With the development of society, digitally controlled engraving technology has been widely used in carving industry. The fluency of motor control is an important standard to evaluate whether a NC system is good or not. As the software to control the motor system, the rationality of its design directly affects the running state of the motor. In this paper, a set of control software of NC engraving machine control system is studied and designed by embedded technology. This paper first analyzes the development status of embedded CNC engraving machine and software architecture at home and abroad, and then expounds the related technical theory of embedded software development, including the characteristics, flow chart and design method of embedded software development. And the concept model of software layer structure and software architecture of embedded system. Secondly, according to the function requirement of the control system, the scheme of the control system is designed. The trajectory control of engraving machine is accomplished by interpolation algorithm and speed control algorithm. In the interpolation algorithm, an improved interpolation algorithm based on digital integral interpolation and time division interpolation is adopted. After the overall planning of the speed in the speed control algorithm, the exponential acceleration and deceleration curve control method is adopted to control the acceleration and deceleration of the NC engraving machine. Then the hardware platform with ARM9 as the main control chip is built and the related hardware circuit is designed. According to the characteristics of the embedded operating system and the requirements of the control system, the Windows CE embedded operating system is selected, and the performance of the operating system is analyzed and the system is transplanted. Finally, the control software is analyzed by using the object-oriented analysis method based on UML, and various views, such as use case diagram, collaboration diagram and state diagram, are established. On this basis, the overall structure of the application, the main flow chart and the graphical interface are designed. Then, according to the process and thread characteristics of Windows CE operating system, the thread architecture of application program is designed. Finally, the control software of NC engraving machine is designed and realized. The control system of NC engraving machine has perfect engraving and machining function. Under the control software, the speed of NC engraving machine changes steadily and the quality of machining is ideal. A set of control software which is suitable for NC engraving machine control system has been realized, and the design requirements have been achieved in the aspects of machining efficiency and machining quality. The NC engraving machine, which is compatible with the control software, has been produced in small quantities and applied to practical machining.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP368.1

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