并行运算在电力系统实时仿真中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-12-11 13:07
【摘要】：随着国家电网建设规模的日益增加,保障电力系统的安全稳定运行就显得尤为重要。但是由于电力系统的特殊性,很多实验环节只能借助计算机仿真实现,此外当电网出现短路、次同步振荡等故障现象时,需要电力保护系统能够快速的做出响应并使电网在短时间内恢复稳定,这样就要求系统有快速准确的数据处理能力,因此传统、单一的计算机串行仿真已经难以满足电力系统复杂性和数据实时处理的要求。鉴于DSP在并行运算和大数据量处理上的优势,目前许多大型的电力系统并行运算机群都是基于DSP实现的,但同时也带来了研发成本高、需要庞大的硬件设施支持的不足,而市场专门应用于中小型规模的电力系统环节实时仿真的产品并不多。此外本文通过对UDP和MAC协议方式的以太网通信在进行短帧数据交互时的开销进行验证比较后,得出基于MAC地址的网络传输机制的数据交互,短帧数据的通信开销约为34微秒,这个时间为实现实时仿真提供了重要保障。针对电力系统控制环节是有向有环图的特点,本文在查阅了大量调度算法文献的基础上,以各任务之间通信关联矩阵为基础,对系统模型进行了任务分割并按照相关规则对通信矩阵进行化简整理消除关联项,得出完成并行运算需要的最优处理器的数量,并以Blackfin548为硬件核心,计算出每个子任务的运算时间,按照并行运算动态负载平衡的策略对系统模型进行了仿真研究,为基于嵌入式DSP并行运算应用在中小型电力系统实时仿真中的可行性和实用性提供了一定参考依据。 本文首先以同步发电机为研究对象,建立起同步发电机的数学模型并在MATLAB/SIMULINK里面进行仿真,得出仿真曲线。然后将验证过的同步发电机数学模型转换成用传递函数表示的系统结构图,根据传递函数之间的逻辑关系进行任务分解,最终化简成7个任务,并根据任务之间的通信关联矩阵关系,进行矩阵行列式化简,将7个任务分配在3块不同的DSP上,节点间的数据交互通过以太网接口以全双工通信的方式实现。在任务分配中采用动态调度负载平衡算法,从而尽量保证了并行运算时的负载平衡。文章最后以同步发电机三相短路故障为例,采用四阶龙格库塔法在单台DSP上进行了实时仿真并对仿真步长进行了比较分析,得出了实时仿真较为理想的仿真步长。
[Abstract]:With the increasing scale of national power grid construction, it is particularly important to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system. However, because of the particularity of power system, many experimental links can only be realized by computer simulation. In addition, when the power network is short circuit, sub-synchronous oscillation and other fault phenomena, The power protection system needs to be able to respond quickly and restore stability to the power grid in a short period of time, which requires the system to have rapid and accurate data processing capability. The single computer serial simulation can not meet the requirements of power system complexity and real-time data processing. In view of the advantages of DSP in parallel operation and large amount of data processing, many large power system parallel computing clusters are based on DSP at present, but it also brings high R & D cost and needs huge hardware facilities to support. But the market specially applies to the medium and small scale power system link real-time simulation product is not many. In addition, after verifying and comparing the cost of short frame data interaction between UDP and MAC protocol, the data exchange of network transmission mechanism based on MAC address is obtained. The communication overhead of short frame data is about 34 microseconds. This time provides an important guarantee for the realization of real-time simulation. In view of the fact that the control link of power system is directed and cyclic graph, this paper, based on the reference of a large number of dispatching algorithms, is based on the communication correlation matrix among the tasks. The system model is divided into tasks and the communication matrix is simplified according to the relevant rules to eliminate the correlation items. The optimal number of processors needed to complete the parallel operation is obtained, and the Blackfin548 is the core of the hardware. The computation time of each sub-task is calculated, and the system model is simulated according to the strategy of parallel operation dynamic load balancing. It provides a certain reference for the feasibility and practicability of the application of parallel operation based on embedded DSP in the real-time simulation of small and medium power system. In this paper, the mathematical model of synchronous generator is established and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation curve is obtained. Then, the verified mathematical model of synchronous generator is converted into a system structure diagram represented by transfer function, and the task is decomposed according to the logical relation between transfer functions, and finally reduced to seven tasks. According to the communication relation between tasks, the matrix determinant is simplified, and seven tasks are assigned to three different blocks of DSP. The data interaction between nodes is realized by means of full duplex communication through Ethernet interface. In task allocation, dynamic scheduling load balancing algorithm is used to ensure load balance in parallel operation as far as possible. Finally, taking the three-phase short-circuit fault of synchronous generator as an example, the four-order Runge-Kutta method is used to carry out real-time simulation on a single DSP, and the simulation step size is compared and analyzed, and the ideal simulation step size is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TM743;TP338.6
本文编号：2372605
[Abstract]:With the increasing scale of national power grid construction, it is particularly important to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system. However, because of the particularity of power system, many experimental links can only be realized by computer simulation. In addition, when the power network is short circuit, sub-synchronous oscillation and other fault phenomena, The power protection system needs to be able to respond quickly and restore stability to the power grid in a short period of time, which requires the system to have rapid and accurate data processing capability. The single computer serial simulation can not meet the requirements of power system complexity and real-time data processing. In view of the advantages of DSP in parallel operation and large amount of data processing, many large power system parallel computing clusters are based on DSP at present, but it also brings high R & D cost and needs huge hardware facilities to support. But the market specially applies to the medium and small scale power system link real-time simulation product is not many. In addition, after verifying and comparing the cost of short frame data interaction between UDP and MAC protocol, the data exchange of network transmission mechanism based on MAC address is obtained. The communication overhead of short frame data is about 34 microseconds. This time provides an important guarantee for the realization of real-time simulation. In view of the fact that the control link of power system is directed and cyclic graph, this paper, based on the reference of a large number of dispatching algorithms, is based on the communication correlation matrix among the tasks. The system model is divided into tasks and the communication matrix is simplified according to the relevant rules to eliminate the correlation items. The optimal number of processors needed to complete the parallel operation is obtained, and the Blackfin548 is the core of the hardware. The computation time of each sub-task is calculated, and the system model is simulated according to the strategy of parallel operation dynamic load balancing. It provides a certain reference for the feasibility and practicability of the application of parallel operation based on embedded DSP in the real-time simulation of small and medium power system. In this paper, the mathematical model of synchronous generator is established and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation curve is obtained. Then, the verified mathematical model of synchronous generator is converted into a system structure diagram represented by transfer function, and the task is decomposed according to the logical relation between transfer functions, and finally reduced to seven tasks. According to the communication relation between tasks, the matrix determinant is simplified, and seven tasks are assigned to three different blocks of DSP. The data interaction between nodes is realized by means of full duplex communication through Ethernet interface. In task allocation, dynamic scheduling load balancing algorithm is used to ensure load balance in parallel operation as far as possible. Finally, taking the three-phase short-circuit fault of synchronous generator as an example, the four-order Runge-Kutta method is used to carry out real-time simulation on a single DSP, and the simulation step size is compared and analyzed, and the ideal simulation step size is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TM743;TP338.6
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