龙芯3A基础支撑软件平台的实现

发布时间：2018-12-12 04:41

【摘要】：为维护国家安全和利益，信息技术的国产化研究工作具有重大的战略意义。核心电子器件、高端通用芯片以及基础软件产品是国产化过程中的重中之重。基础软件产品主要是指操作系统等支撑软件平台，除了核心硬件以外，这些基础支撑软件必须做到自主可控才能实现真正意义上的信息安全。结合709所科技创新项目的研究内容，开展了基于国产化处理器平台的基础支撑软件平台构建的研究。龙芯系列处理器是具有自主知识产权的系列处理器，最新开发的龙芯3号处理器的性能已经接近市场上x86架构通用处理器。然而，硬件的高速发展必须有相关软件的发展来配合才能够发挥其真正的性能与作用。针对市场上目前没有支持龙芯3号处理器的基础软件产品的问题，实现一套基于龙芯3A处理器平台的基础支撑软件环境，并通过设计整体系统测试程序进行验证。设计结果提供一套简单易用的应用与开发环境。首先，阐述国产化计算平台研究的意义，，分析国内外不同平台基础支撑软件研究现状，特别是龙芯处理器架构下基础支撑软件的研究工作。在介绍一般基础软件平台的基础上，提出基础支撑软件平台的定义，分析基础支撑软件平台的开发方法以及选择Linux操作系统作为移植对象的原因与意义，并对Linux系统的组成结构与相关部分的移植方案做简要说明与分析。龙芯3A平台下基础支撑软件平台的实现过程是本文主要工作内容，包括Linux内核移植，本地编译环境建立，图形界面实现和系统测试程序设计。Linux内核的移植首先完成引导加载程序的编译与初始化配置，并添加到开发板环境中，然后通过交叉编译工具将修改过的Linux内核源码进行编译，这些修改主要包括对处理器架构和中断相关的内核源码的修改。通过引导加载程序将编译好的Linux内核以硬盘启动方式加载到内存中运行。由于龙芯架构指令集与MIPS兼容，本地编译环境的建立采取GCC for MIPS作为移植对象，配合模拟器QEMU模拟MIPS平台，将GCC编译工具添加到系统中。在内核移植完成以及本地编译环境建立后，将X Window的相关软件包进行编译，实现图形界面。相关依赖包的搜集与编译是需要注意的地方。为评估基于龙芯3A硬件平台的系统整体性能，本文设计开发龙芯3A平台的系统测试程序，主要测试系统的内存访问，硬盘访问，网络通信和2D图形显示。介绍测试程序的设计思路和具体实现，并对测试验证结果进行截图说明。最后，作者进行整体工作的总结，并提出下一步的研究工作。
[Abstract]:In order to safeguard national security and interests, the localization of information technology is of great strategic significance. Core electronic devices, high-end universal chips and basic software products are the most important in the process of localization. The basic software products mainly refer to the operating system and other supporting software platforms. In addition to the core hardware, these basic support software must be independent and controllable in order to achieve the true meaning of information security. Combined with the research contents of 709 science and technology innovation projects, the research on the construction of basic supporting software platform based on domestic processor platform is carried out. Godson series processor is a series of processors with independent intellectual property rights. The performance of the newly developed Godson 3 processor is close to that of the x86 architecture universal processor on the market. However, the rapid development of hardware must have the development of related software to play its real function. In order to solve the problem that there is no basic software product supporting Ronson 3 processor in the market at present, a basic supporting software environment based on Godson 3A processor platform is implemented and verified by designing the whole system test program. The design results provide a simple and easy-to-use application and development environment. First of all, the significance of the research on the home-made computing platform is expounded, and the research status of the basic support software of different platforms at home and abroad is analyzed, especially the research work of the basic support software under the framework of the Godson processor. On the basis of introducing the general basic software platform, the definition of the basic support software platform is put forward, the development method of the basic supporting software platform and the reason and significance of choosing Linux operating system as the transplant object are analyzed. The composition and structure of Linux system and the transplant scheme of related parts are briefly described and analyzed. The implementation process of the basic support software platform is the main work of this paper, including the transplantation of Linux kernel, the establishment of local compiling environment, and the implementation of the basic support software platform based on the Longson 3A platform. The porting of the Linux kernel completes the compilation and initialization configuration of the boot loader and adds it to the development board environment. Then the modified Linux kernel source code is compiled by cross-compiling tools. These modifications mainly include the kernel source code changes related to processor architecture and interrupt. The compiled Linux kernel is loaded into memory by boot loader as hard disk boot. Because the instruction set of the Godson architecture is compatible with MIPS, the local compiling environment is built with GCC for MIPS as the transplant object, and the GCC compiler tool is added to the system with the simulator QEMU to simulate the MIPS platform. The software package of X Window is compiled to realize the graphical interface after the completion of the inner nuclear transplant and the establishment of the local compiling environment. The collection and compilation of dependent packages are important. In order to evaluate the overall performance of the system based on the Godson 3A hardware platform, this paper designs and develops the system testing program of the Godson 3A platform, which mainly tests the memory access, hard disk access, network communication and 2D graphics display of the test system. The design and implementation of the test program are introduced, and the test verification results are illustrated by screenshots. Finally, the author summarizes the whole work and puts forward the next research work.
【学位授予单位】：中国舰船研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TP332;TP316.81

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