基于单喷头熔融沉积3D打印机的彩色接线器研制

发布时间：2018-12-26 13:07

【摘要】：熔融沉积(Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)打印技术是目前最具有生命力的3D打印技术之一,它具有设备结构简单,成本低,成型材料广泛和成型尺寸大等优点。但与此同时由于熔融沉积打印技术的自身特点,存在着打印速度慢、打印制件表面粗糙以及强度较差、一次只能打印一种颜色等缺陷。近年来,国内外针对熔融沉积3D打印设备、材料以及工艺等方面投入了大量研究,在打印速度、打印制件质量等方面取得了许多研究成果,但是支持彩色打印的熔融沉积3D打印机为数不多,且都集中在欧美等发达国家。而彩色3D模型在视觉效果上,较单色模型来说更加立体、直观,所以更符合未来人类社会的生产和生活需求。因此,本课题与南京壹仟零壹号自动化有限公司合作,以该公司的工业级F500型单喷头熔融沉积3D打印机为母机,以自动更换线料、彩色打印为需求背景,研制彩色接线器。首先,分析总结国内外专家学者在彩色熔融沉积打印方面的研究；结合熔融沉积3D打印的原理,分析工业级F500型3D打印机的技术参数与性能指标；针对目前熔融沉积3D打印机在打印过程中人工更换线料的具体步骤,提出通过自动换料的方式实现彩色打印的彩色熔融沉积打印解决方案。其次,根据提出的方案,进行彩色接线器的总体设计,其中包括机械结构设计与控制系统的软硬件设计。机械结构部分主要包括线料输送机构、线料剪断机构、线料切换机构这三个关键执行机构；控制系统主要包括串口通讯系统、步进电机控制系统、状态监控系统这三个子控制系统的软硬件。然后,进行机械结构和控制系统的软硬件设计,完成彩色接线器的整机开发；线料切换机构对定位精度有严格的要求,通过研究设计一种实时性强的S曲线加减速算法,有效地避免驱动步进电机在运行过程中出现丢步、过冲、振荡等不良现象,从而提高机构的定位精度。最后,制作彩色接线器物理样机,对设备进行调试与试验。为达到线料切换机构所需的定位精度,对驱动步进电机的加减速控制参数进行现场调试；通过搭建试验平台,对设备的核心功能,即换料功能进行试验,结果表明该设备达到设计方案的要求。
[Abstract]:Melt deposition (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) printing technology is one of the most active 3D printing technologies. It has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, wide range of molding materials and large size. But at the same time due to the characteristics of the melt deposition printing technology there are some defects such as low printing speed rough surface and poor strength of the printed parts and only one color can be printed at a time. In recent years, a large number of researches have been devoted to the melting deposition 3D printing equipment, materials and technology, and many research achievements have been made in printing speed, printing quality and so on. But there are few fused deposition 3D printers supporting color printing, and they are concentrated in developed countries such as Europe and America. The color 3D model is more stereoscopic and intuitionistic than the monochromatic model in visual effect, so it is more suitable for the production and life needs of human society in the future. Therefore, this subject cooperates with Nanjing 1001 Automation Co., Ltd., taking the industrial F500 single head melt deposition 3D printer as the master machine, taking the automatic change of wire material and color printing as the demand background, the color connector is developed. Firstly, this paper analyzes and summarizes the research on color melt deposition printing by experts and scholars at home and abroad, and analyzes the technical parameters and performance indexes of industrial F500 3D printer based on the principle of melt deposition 3D printing. In view of the concrete steps of manual replacement of wire material in the printing process of fused deposition 3D printer, a solution of color melt deposition printing by automatic reloading is proposed. Secondly, according to the proposed scheme, the overall design of the color connector, including the mechanical structure design and control system hardware and software design. The mechanical structure includes three key actuators: line conveyor structure, wire material shearing mechanism and wire material switching mechanism. The control system mainly includes three sub-control systems: serial communication system, step motor control system and status monitoring system. Then, the hardware and software design of the mechanical structure and control system is carried out, and the development of the whole machine of the color connector is completed. The wire material switching mechanism has strict requirements for positioning accuracy. By studying and designing a real time S curve acceleration and deceleration algorithm, it can effectively avoid the bad phenomena such as dropping step, overshoot, oscillation and so on in the running process of driving step motor. Thus, the positioning accuracy of the mechanism is improved. Finally, the physical prototype of the color connector is made, and the equipment is debugged and tested. In order to achieve the positioning accuracy required by the wire material switching mechanism, the acceleration and deceleration control parameters of the driving stepping motor are debugged in the field. The core function of the equipment, that is, the recharging function, is tested by setting up the test platform. The results show that the equipment meets the requirements of the design scheme.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP334.8

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