基于linux的嵌入式虚拟驱动的研究与实现

发布时间：2019-01-28 08:01

【摘要】：嵌入式系统是目前发展最快的IT应用领域之一。嵌入式系统是用在一些特定专用设备上,通常这些设备的硬件资源非常有限,并且对成本很敏感,又是对实时性应用要求很高,特别是对于消费家电的智能化来说,嵌入式显得尤为重要,而当今又是智能设备和家电设备的大融合的时代,嵌入式的发展也是日新月异,嵌入式的发展不仅仅需要大批量专业人才的加入,更需要整个嵌入式开发过程的更新和进步。目前的嵌入式软件大体的开发过程可以分为如下几个步骤：分析需求、设计硬件、开发驱动、开发应用程序。每一步的开发都严重依赖于前一个步骤。而应用程序的开发是这整个流程的最后一环,这导致应用程序的开发严重依赖于前面的环节。也就是说,只有前面的环境都开发完成之后,应用程序的开发才能进行。嵌入式领域中,嵌入式设备不同于通用设备,经常需要针对硬件进行定制,而定制的硬件通常是不常见的,驱动也需要重新开发,这就导致整个嵌入式软件的开发流程要以驱动的开发作为前提,就是的整个开发流程周期很长。目前的嵌入式操作系统中,由于linux的开源特性,使其成为全世界嵌入式开发者的第一选择。选择linux操作系统作为开发基础,可以根据用户的需要,自由的定制代码。本文指出了嵌入式开发流程中由于依赖关系造成开发周期过长的现象,在详细分析了Linux驱动框架和原理的基础上,提出并实现了基于Linux操作系统的虚拟驱动的仿真框架,可以再没有硬件的情况下模拟该硬件,向应用程序提供该硬件标准的Linux驱动API,并在程序通过标准API操作硬件时,显示相应的效果。在此框架之上具体实现了三个实例：虚拟的按键,LED和虚拟显示器。使得在没有这些硬件时,也可以进行嵌入式应用程序的开发。减少了嵌入式开发流程中,软件开发对硬件设备的依赖,提高了开发效率。
[Abstract]:Embedded system is one of the fastest growing IT applications. The embedded system is used on some special equipments. Usually, the hardware resources of these devices are very limited, and they are sensitive to the cost, and also have high requirements for real-time applications, especially for the intelligent consumer appliances. Embedded is particularly important, and today is the era of the integration of smart equipment and household appliances, the development of embedded is changing with each passing day, the development of embedded not only needs a large number of professionals to join, More need the whole embedded development process update and progress. The current development process of embedded software can be divided into the following steps: analysis of requirements, design of hardware, development of drivers, development of applications. The development of each step depends heavily on the previous step. Application development is the last part of the whole process, which leads to the development of application relying heavily on the front link. That is, only after all the previous environments have been developed can the application be developed. In the embedded field, the embedded device is different from the universal device, it often needs to be customized for the hardware, and custom-made hardware is usually unusual, and the driver also needs to be redeveloped. This leads to the entire embedded software development process to drive development as a prerequisite, that is, the entire development process cycle is very long. In the current embedded operating system, because of the open source feature of linux, it becomes the first choice of embedded developers all over the world. Select the linux operating system as the development basis, according to the needs of users, freely customized code. This paper points out the phenomenon that the development cycle is too long because of the dependence relationship in the embedded development process. Based on the detailed analysis of the Linux driver framework and principle, the simulation framework of virtual driver based on Linux operating system is proposed and implemented. We can simulate the hardware without hardware, provide the application with the hardware standard Linux driver API, and display the corresponding effect when the program operates the hardware through the standard API. Three examples are implemented on this framework: virtual key, LED and virtual display. Make it possible to develop embedded applications without these hardware. It reduces the dependence of software development on hardware and improves the development efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP368.1;TP316.81

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