基于FPGA的SD卡控制器设计
发布时间：2019-02-12 09:43
【摘要】：SD安全数字存储卡(Secure Digital Memory Card,简称SD卡)是目前使用最为广泛的移动存储设备之一。SD卡具有小巧轻便、存储容量大、传输数据快和数据安全性高等优点,并且SD卡控制器结构简单,便于集成,使得SD卡在移动媒体设备和消费类电子产品中得到越来越广泛的应用。SD卡已经成为同类存储产品中的主流,而SD卡控制器作为SD卡工作必不可少的一部分,随着SD卡的更新换代,对SD卡控制器进行研究和优化具有很高的实际应用价值。 本论文首先结合最新版的SD4.0协议对SD存储卡和SD卡主控制器的相关协议规范做了详细介绍,然后对SD卡控制器的工作原理和总体结构作了详细说明,着重介绍了SD卡与SD主控制器之间的三种总线连接方式和SD主控制器的结构。从SD卡控制器的总体结构入手,介绍了SD4.0新标准下各模块的功能,对其中的几个重点模块：SD_CLK模块、DMA控制模块和Tuning控制模块等进行了Verilog HDL设计,并进行了功能仿真、逻辑综合,同时对整个设计进行了FPGA验证。 对SD_CLK模块进行设计时,主要利用了Xilinx FPGA特有的数字时钟管理器(DCM)模块,该模块不仅可以提供稳定的时钟,而且还提供了灵活的频率配置,经过适当配置可以提供不同的SD卡正常工作所需的时钟频率。对DMA控制模块的逻辑设计中,重点设计了双口RAM和RAM的控制部分,细化读操作和写操作,最终完成数据在DMA模式下的传输。采用Tuning控制模块是为了使SD卡工作在高频时,系统时钟能够满足时序要求,本模块的设计中提出最佳采样时钟选择算法,设计了合理的状态机对时钟相位进行调整,得到SD卡工作在高频时的最佳采样时钟,通过功能仿真和FPGA逻辑综合,本模块的设计达到要求,从而保证了数据传输的可靠性。最后对整个设计进行了FPGA板级验证,包括对FPGA开发板进行了简要介绍,然后根据本控制器的设计要求进行了各项验证,并将几种不同类型的SD卡分别在本控制器和一般读卡器上的读写速度进行了对比,验证结果符合设计要求。 本论文研究基于最新的SD卡协议,具有很强的实际用途,如数码相机,手机,笔记本电脑等。本设计经后端IC部门整合后可以流片出来投放市场。 值得一提的是,上述工作是本人在凹凸电子(武汉)有限公司开展的,该项目取得了阶段性成果。
[Abstract]:SD secure Digital memory Card (Secure Digital Memory Card,) is one of the most widely used mobile storage devices at present. SD card has the advantages of small and light, large storage capacity, fast data transmission and high data security. And SD card controller is simple and easy to integrate, which makes SD card more and more widely used in mobile media devices and consumer electronic products. SD card has become the mainstream of similar storage products. The SD card controller is an indispensable part of the SD card. With the renewal of the SD card, the research and optimization of the SD card controller has a high practical application value. This paper firstly introduces the protocol specification of SD memory card and main controller of SD card with the latest version of SD4.0 protocol, and then explains the working principle and overall structure of SD card controller in detail. Three bus connection modes between SD card and SD master controller and the structure of SD master controller are introduced. Starting with the overall structure of SD card controller, this paper introduces the functions of each module under the new standard of SD4.0, designs several key modules: SD_CLK module, DMA control module and Tuning control module, and carries on the function simulation. Logic synthesis and FPGA verification of the whole design are carried out at the same time. In the design of SD_CLK module, the digital clock manager (DCM) module which is unique to Xilinx FPGA is mainly used. This module not only provides stable clock, but also provides flexible frequency configuration. Properly configured to provide the clock frequency required for the normal operation of different SD cards. In the logic design of DMA control module, the control part of dual-port RAM and RAM is mainly designed to refine the read operation and write operation, and finally complete the data transmission in DMA mode. The Tuning control module is used to make the system clock meet the timing requirements when the SD card works at high frequency. In the design of this module, the optimal sampling clock selection algorithm is proposed, and a reasonable state machine is designed to adjust the clock phase. The optimal sampling clock of SD card working at high frequency is obtained. Through functional simulation and FPGA logic synthesis, the design of this module meets the requirements, thus ensuring the reliability of data transmission. Finally, the FPGA board level verification of the whole design is carried out, including a brief introduction to the FPGA development board, and then each verification is carried out according to the design requirements of the controller. The speed of reading and writing of several different types of SD cards on this controller and general card reader are compared, and the results meet the requirements of the design. Based on the latest SD card protocol, this thesis has strong practical applications, such as digital camera, mobile phone, notebook computer and so on. This design through the back-end IC department integration can flow out of the market. It is worth mentioning that the above-mentioned work in the concave-convex electronics (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., the project has achieved periodic results.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP333;TN791
本文编号：2420320
[Abstract]:SD secure Digital memory Card (Secure Digital Memory Card,) is one of the most widely used mobile storage devices at present. SD card has the advantages of small and light, large storage capacity, fast data transmission and high data security. And SD card controller is simple and easy to integrate, which makes SD card more and more widely used in mobile media devices and consumer electronic products. SD card has become the mainstream of similar storage products. The SD card controller is an indispensable part of the SD card. With the renewal of the SD card, the research and optimization of the SD card controller has a high practical application value. This paper firstly introduces the protocol specification of SD memory card and main controller of SD card with the latest version of SD4.0 protocol, and then explains the working principle and overall structure of SD card controller in detail. Three bus connection modes between SD card and SD master controller and the structure of SD master controller are introduced. Starting with the overall structure of SD card controller, this paper introduces the functions of each module under the new standard of SD4.0, designs several key modules: SD_CLK module, DMA control module and Tuning control module, and carries on the function simulation. Logic synthesis and FPGA verification of the whole design are carried out at the same time. In the design of SD_CLK module, the digital clock manager (DCM) module which is unique to Xilinx FPGA is mainly used. This module not only provides stable clock, but also provides flexible frequency configuration. Properly configured to provide the clock frequency required for the normal operation of different SD cards. In the logic design of DMA control module, the control part of dual-port RAM and RAM is mainly designed to refine the read operation and write operation, and finally complete the data transmission in DMA mode. The Tuning control module is used to make the system clock meet the timing requirements when the SD card works at high frequency. In the design of this module, the optimal sampling clock selection algorithm is proposed, and a reasonable state machine is designed to adjust the clock phase. The optimal sampling clock of SD card working at high frequency is obtained. Through functional simulation and FPGA logic synthesis, the design of this module meets the requirements, thus ensuring the reliability of data transmission. Finally, the FPGA board level verification of the whole design is carried out, including a brief introduction to the FPGA development board, and then each verification is carried out according to the design requirements of the controller. The speed of reading and writing of several different types of SD cards on this controller and general card reader are compared, and the results meet the requirements of the design. Based on the latest SD card protocol, this thesis has strong practical applications, such as digital camera, mobile phone, notebook computer and so on. This design through the back-end IC department integration can flow out of the market. It is worth mentioning that the above-mentioned work in the concave-convex electronics (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., the project has achieved periodic results.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP333;TN791
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