混合内存架构的能耗降低策略

发布时间：2019-05-06 13:18

【摘要】：相变存储器(Phase Change Memory，以下简称PCM)是一种新型计算机存储技术。近年来的研究主要把它定位为下一代内存载体。相比较于传统的动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic Random Access Memory,以下简称DRAM)，它具有存储密度更高、非挥发性、抗辐射抗干扰、空闲能耗更低等诸多优秀特征。但是在存储写入操作上，它比DRAM消耗更高的时间和能量。同时它非常有限的写入寿命也限制了当前其大规模地替代DRAM。因此，针对PCM技术的应用更多地是把它和DRAM相结合，搭建混合内存架构，以期发扬两者各自的优势。之前的相关研究各自提出了他们搭建混合内存系统的思路和策略。但是前人的工作中更多地把目标集中在减少PCM写入次数、提高PCM使用寿命，而并没有考虑到混合内存架构的能耗问题。尤其是在混合内存中DRAM的空闲能耗远远高于PCM，占了总能耗中非常大的比例。这个能耗的瓶颈在前人的工作中基本没有涉及。本文的主要目标就是讨论降低混合内存架构下的能耗策略。我们结合DRAM技术提供的多能量状态切换，，提出了一个简单有效地能量状态转移策略，并以此为基础提出了两大内存页迁移策略来实现降低能耗。我们将提出的这些策略整合为一个系统，并在精确到CPU周期的模拟器上拓展实现，并选取了大量的应用程序对我们的混合内存架构进行测试和比较。试验结果表明我们的内存系统设计比前人的工作在降低能耗和能耗×时间2两大指标上都有显著的提高。
[Abstract]:Phase change memory (Phase Change Memory,) is a new computer storage technology. In recent years, it is mainly targeted as the next generation of memory carrier. Compared with the traditional dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory,), it has many excellent characteristics, such as higher storage density, non-volatile, anti-radiation and anti-interference, lower idle energy consumption and so on. But in storage write operations, it consumes more time and energy than DRAM. At the same time, its very limited write life also limits its current large-scale replacement of DRAM.. Therefore, the application of PCM technology is to combine it with DRAM and build a hybrid memory architecture, in order to carry forward their respective advantages. Previous studies have proposed their ideas and strategies for building hybrid memory systems. However, the goal of previous work is to reduce the number of PCM writes and improve the service life of PCM, without considering the energy consumption of hybrid memory architecture. Especially in mixed memory, the idle energy consumption of DRAM is much higher than that of PCM, which accounts for a very large proportion of the total energy consumption. The bottleneck of energy consumption has not been involved in previous work. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the strategy of reducing energy consumption in hybrid memory architecture. Combined with the multi-energy state switching provided by DRAM, we propose a simple and effective energy state transition strategy. Based on this, we propose two memory page migration strategies to reduce energy consumption. We integrate these strategies into a single system and extend the implementation on a simulator that is accurate to the CPU cycle, and select a large number of applications to test and compare our hybrid memory architecture. The experimental results show that our memory system design has a significant improvement in reducing energy consumption and energy consumption 脳 time compared with the previous work.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP333

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