原料气压缩机控制系统的设计实现

发布时间：2018-01-01 14:35

本文关键词：原料气压缩机控制系统的设计实现　出处：《东北石油大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：离心式压缩机是冶金、石油化工、天然气输送、制冷以及动力等工业部门广泛使用的大型关键设备。它相比于其它类型的压缩机具有很多优点,但也有一些固有的且难以消除的缺点,例如稳定工作区域比较狭窄,容易发生喘振、不适用于气量小的场合等,常有可能因为一些微小的偏差而造成严重的事故,而且这些事故的出现往往是比较迅速猛烈的,单靠人工处理更是措手不及。随着计算机控制技术的快速发展,急需改进离心式压缩机控制手段,提高其控制品质。本论文以北1-2天然气处理厂原料气压缩机控制系统为背景实例,通过离心式压缩机和往复式压缩机各方面的对比,确定采用离心式压缩机；在分析离心压缩机的构成、工作原理、性能曲线和管网特性的基础上,对其自动控制系统的组成原理和功能设计,特别是防喘振控制问题进行了比较系统的阐述,并采用可变极限流量法设计出压缩机防喘振控制器,使之与以往的控制算法相比,其控制器反应更加迅速,能够更快和更有效的防止喘振的发生。本文完成了控制系统的架构设计,提出一套离心压缩机综合控制策略,较全面地考虑了离心压缩机运行中可能发生的因素,使能源得到有效的利用,改善防喘振品质。在此基础上,开发了基于Intouch10.0软件的压缩机运行监控软件,其中包括开车画面、工艺画面、测点清单、报警画面、联锁画面等,整个控制系统体系结构简洁、易于维护和扩展、响应速度快、控制精确、人机界面友好,机组防喘振控制合理,可以有交改善传统防喘振控制策略造成的能源浪费现象,具备良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor is a large - scale key equipment widely used in metallurgy , petrochemical industry , natural gas transportation , refrigeration and power industry . It has many advantages compared with other types of compressors , but also has some inherent and difficult to eliminate . For example , the stable working area is relatively narrow , surge is easy to occur , it is not suitable for small amount of gas , and the occurrence of these accidents is more rapid and violent . With the rapid development of computer control technology , it is urgent to improve the control means of centrifugal compressor and improve its control quality . Based on the analysis of the composition , working principle , performance curve and pipe network characteristics of centrifugal compressor , the principle and function design of the automatic control system , especially the anti - surge control problem , is described in this paper . The anti - surge controller of the compressor is designed by the variable limit flow method . This paper has completed the architecture design of the control system , put forward a set of comprehensive control strategy of centrifugal compressor , considered the factors that may occur in operation of centrifugal compressor , make the energy efficient use , improve the anti - surge quality . On this basis , the whole control system architecture is simple , easy to maintain and expand , the response speed is fast , the control is accurate , the man - machine interface is friendly , the unit anti - surge control is reasonable , can have the intersection to improve the traditional anti - surge control strategy the energy waste phenomenon , has good application prospect .

【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH452

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