百万乙烯裂解气压缩机仪表和控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 14:39

本文关键词：百万乙烯裂解气压缩机仪表和控制系统的研究　出处：《东北大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乙烯是石油化工行业的基础原料之一,对国民经济发展起着重要作用,其生产能力是衡量国家石油化工发展水平的重要标志,关系着国民经济命脉和国家安全。为满足生产装置规模不断扩大的要求,乙烯装置用大型压缩机组的技术发展趋势将使设备处理能力不断增强。裂解气压缩机是百万乙烯裂解装置的关键设备,被称为乙烯裂解装置的心脏,其正常运转是保证百万乙烯裂解装置乃至配套装置正常生产的先决条件。为保证裂解气压缩机能够在工艺要求的工况下安全运转,必须拥有一套安全可靠的仪表和控制系统。本文以百万乙烯装置裂解气压缩机的仪表和控制系统为研究对象,从离心压缩机的工作原理、机械性能和参数调节入手,分析了离心压缩机喘振机理和防喘振控制方法。论文研究了裂解气压缩机工艺介质的组成,分析了裂解气易结焦的现象并给出了解决方案。从用户对仪表和控制系统的设计要求入手,分析了裂解气压缩机需要监控的主要参数,设计出了裂解气压缩机仪表和控制系统方案。通过研究三冗余控制系统的特点,设计了保护机组安全运行的各系统的软件控制方案。充分应用控制系统的特点和功能,设计了友好的人机交互界面,完成了关键的控制画面,如工艺画面、防喘振画面以及调速画面等,使压缩机在安全稳定的工况条件下运行,满足了生产的需要。本文阐述了裂解气压缩机组的特点、仪表选型依据和控制方案,为进一步研究百万乙烯裂解气压缩机的仪表与控制提供了参考。
[Abstract]:Ethylene is one of the basic raw materials of petrochemical industry. It plays an important role in the development of national economy. Its production capacity is an important symbol to measure the development level of national petrochemical industry, and it is related to the national economic lifeline and national security.
In order to meet the requirement of expanding the scale of production equipment, will make the technical development trend of ethylene device of large scale compressor continuously enhance the processing ability of the device. The cracking gas compressor is the key equipment of millions of ethylene plant, known as ethylene cracker heart, its normal operation is a prerequisite for the normal production of millions of ethylene plant and the supporting device. In order to ensure the safe operation in the machine can process requirements under the condition of cracking gas compressor, must have a safe and reliable instrumentation and control systems.
In this paper, millions of ethylene cracking gas compressor instrumentation and control system as the research object, from the working principle of the centrifugal compressor, starting with the regulation of mechanical properties and parameters analysis of centrifugal compressor surge mechanism and anti surge control method. The thesis consists of cracking gas compressor of the process medium, analysis of pyrolysis gas coking phenomenon and the solution is given. Starting from the design of instrumentation and control system requirements, analysis the main parameters of the machine need to monitor the cracking gas compressor, designed the machine instrumentation and control system of cracking gas compressor case. By studying the characteristics of three redundant control system, designed to protect the safe operation of the unit in the software system the control scheme. The characteristics and functions of the full application of the control system, design a friendly interactive interface, complete control of the key technology such as picture, picture, anti surge painting Surface and speed control screen, etc., make the compressor run in a safe and stable condition, and meet the needs of production.
This paper describes the characteristics of the cracking gas compressor unit, the selection basis and control scheme of the instrument, which provides a reference for further research on the instrumentation and control of the ethylene cracking gas compressor.

【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH45

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