压力容器不拆保温检测技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 05:35

本文选题：压力容器　切入点：不拆保温　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的进步和工业生产的发展,压力容器已广泛应用于化工、电力、冶金、轻工、医药、军事及科研等领域。压力容器的运行压力越来越高,运行温度也向着高温和低温两个方向发展,并且压力容器介质种类繁多,大部分压力容器的介质有易燃、易爆、有毒、腐蚀等特征,危险性很大,一旦发生事故,往往会造成很大危害。为了保证压力容器的安全运行,就必须对压力容器进行全面检验。然而现有的检验检测技术一般要求停机拆除保温才能进行全面检验。这就有一些突出的问题摆在面前,如企业停机会影响生产,造成较大经济损失,还有的是压力容器保温层造价较高,若拆除保温会加重企业的经济负担,还有的是企业检修工期短,全面检验的时间不够,以上情况就导致相当一部分压力容器难以进行全面检验。本项目通过对一台以聚氨酯发泡板做保温层的液氨球罐的全面检验,来试验在不拆除保温层的情况下,能否达到预期的检验效果。首先采用荷兰RTD公司的不拆覆盖层脉冲涡流测厚仪,在不拆保温层的情况下进行了壁厚检查；采用声发射检测仪,对该设备工作状态下的活动缺陷进行了在线监测和安全评价。在球罐外部对发现声发射源的部位进行了超声波检测。然后对该球罐进行了开罐检查,从球罐内部用超声波测厚仪进行了球壳板的厚度测量和表面磁粉检测。将不开罐不拆保温层情况下获得的球罐厚度数据和活动缺陷与开罐在球罐内部测得的数据进行比较,从而证明了采用不拆保温层进行全面检验方法的可行性。通过此次试验总结出了不拆保温检测压力容器的工作流程,按此流程对另一台带保温的压力容器进行了验证性试验,更进一步证明了该方法的可行性。实现了带保温压力容器的在线检测,提高了检验的效率,减轻了企业经济负担,同时也保证了压力容器的安全运行,具有良好的社会效益,具有良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology progress and industrial production, the pressure vessel has been widely used in chemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, light industry, medicine, military and scientific research fields. The operation of pressure vessel pressure is more and more high, the operating temperature to high temperature and low temperature of two directions, and the pressure container medium variety, most of the pressure vessel the media are inflammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive and dangerous, once the accident, it will cause great harm.
In order to ensure the safe operation of pressure vessel, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive inspection of pressure vessels. However, the existing detection technology generally stop removal of insulation to carry out a comprehensive inspection. It has some prominent issues, such as business downtime will affect production, resulting in large economic losses, there is a pressure vessel insulation layer the cost is high, the removal of insulation would increase the economic burden of the enterprise, and the enterprise is the maintenance period is short, the overall test time is not enough, the above situations lead to a considerable part of the pressure vessel to conduct a comprehensive inspection.
This project through a comprehensive inspection of the liquid ammonia spherical tank with polyurethane foam board insulation layer, to test in the dismantling of the insulation layer, can achieve the desired effect. The first test of Holland RTD company without removing the layer thickness gauge of pulsed eddy current, the wall thickness of insulation layer is not removed in check the case; using acoustic emission detector, on-line monitoring and safety evaluation of activities under the working state of the equipment defects. Outside of the spherical tank found parts of acoustic emission source for ultrasonic testing. Then open the spherical tank inspection, from the internal sphere with ultrasonic thickness gauge for measuring thickness and the surface magnetic testing of shell plate. Will not open cans without removing the insulation tank thickness defection data under the condition of open and tank measured in the internal sphere data were compared, which proved by no demolition The feasibility of the comprehensive inspection method of insulation layer. Through this test concluded the insulation without dismantling the testing process of pressure vessels, according to the process tests on another pressure vessel insulation, further proved the feasibility of this method. To realize the on-line detection of pressure vessels with insulation, improve the efficiency of test and reduce the economic burden, but also to ensure the safe operation of pressure vessels, with good social benefits, it has a good application prospect.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH49

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